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UrduAbstract In order to understand the effect of porous structures on boiling heat transfer, this review investigates and evaluates the preparation methods, critical heat fluxes and heat transfer coefficients of porous structures in the field of pool boiling heat transfer…
Month: June 2024
Nanoparticle applications in Algal-biorefinery for biofuel production
Abstract Rapidly depleting fossil fuel resources and rising greenhouse gas emissions have accelerated the search for cost-effective renewable energy sources. Algal feedstock has long been touted as a potential source of several biofuels because of its renewable and sustainable features.…
On the antipodes of love and hate: The conception and measurement of brand polarization
Abstract Brand polarization represents a somewhat unorthodox approach to brand management. Rather than foster support and minimise opposition towards a brand, polarization maintains strong emotions at both ends of the spectrum, concurrently attending to the antipodes of brand love and…
Technological aspects, utilization and impact on power system for distributed generation: A comprehensive survey
Abstract Nowadays, due to the utilization of an abundant amount of fossil fuels environmental pollution increases rapidly. In order to rectify such a major problem, the power sector focused on distributed generation technology which increases the quality, sustainability, and reliability…
European transport infrastructure as a solar photovoltaic energy hub
Abstract The urgency of meeting climate targets, increasing land use competition and falling solar photovoltaic (PV) energy costs have created unprecedented opportunities for innovative deployment options. This study uses geospatial data processing to quantify the potential for large-scale deployment of…
Fundamental designs of gasification plants for combined heat and power
Abstract Biomass gasification is a commonly used thermochemical process from which a wide diversity of commodities can be generated. Meanwhile, biomass gasification, producer gas cleaning, and heat and power generation present several technology constraints. Therefore, to endorse the exploitation of…
Using affective content to promote high-involvement services on social media
Abstract Service providers’ communication on social media has become a viable method to influence customer purchasing behavior and firm outcomes. Because services are intangible, one of the most pertinent challenges is to design text-based social media content to reduce customers’…
Micro-stories and the lived experience of transport poverty: Lessons from Iceland for just mobility transitions
Abstract Iceland features a high share of renewable energy supply but remains largely dependent on fossil fuels for transport and is relatively car dependent for mobility. In the context of a public transport system perceived by users and non-users as…
Processes, models and the influencing factors for enhanced boiling heat transfer in porous structures
Abstract Due to the increasing volume of electric vehicles in automotive markets and the limited lifetime of onboard lithium-ion batteries, the large-scale retirement of batteries is imminent. The battery packs retired from electric vehicles still own 70%–80% of the initial capacity, thus having…
NUTRITION 2024 Press Materials Available Now
Press materials are now available for NUTRITION 2024, the annual flagship meeting of the American Society for Nutrition (ASN). Top nutrition scientists and practitioners from around the world will gather to share the latest research findings on food and nutrition during the meeting in Chicago from June 29–July 2.
Exploitation of supply chain monitoring loopholes fueled US opioid epidemic, study finds
New research from the Indiana University Kelley School of Business explains how pharmaceutical companies were able to saturate the country with massive quantities of opioids, despite efforts by the Drug Enforcement Administration to regulate their supply.
Do Institutions Support Partner Hiring? A New Tool Ranks Universities
To raise awareness and assist couples with job searches, UNC-Chapel Hill researchers launched an evidence-based tool showing how research-intensive institutions rank in partner hiring – providing insights on where they may be excelling and where they may be deficient. Jill Fisher, PhD, professor of social medicine at the UNC School of Medicine, co-led the project.
Speeding through microcosm: new insights into ultrafast electron and lattice dynamics
An article has unlocked new dimensions in understanding the ultrafast processes of charge and energy transfer at the microscale. The research delves into the dynamics of microscopic particles, providing insights that could revolutionize semiconductor and electronic device development.
Insurers Set to Ignore Sicker, More Complex Patients Starting July 15
The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) calls on Aetna and Blue Cross Blue Shield of Illinois, Montana, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Texas to reverse their profit-driven plans to cease payments for anesthesia care provided to sicker, more complex patients based on the ASA Physical Status Classification System (ASA PS).
Human toxicity of Nanomaterials Verified with ‘Organoid,’ an Artificial Organ
The Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) has developed the world’s first organoid culture method capable of accurately assessing human toxicity of nanomaterials.
Researchers awarded $2.78M federal grant to improve rectal cancer treatment with artificial intelligence
With a new five-year, $2.78 million grant from the National Institutes of Health and National Cancer Institute, researchers at Case Western Reserve University (CWRU), Cleveland Clinic and University Hospitals (UH) will use artificial intelligence (AI) to better treat rectal cancer patients.
Alcohol-related blackouts during youth are markers of future neurocognitive risk
Alcohol-related blackouts (ARBs) are fairly common among younger, social drinkers – even considered a rite of passage by some. Yet new research has found that blacking out predicts unique, underlying brain changes involved with learning, memory, and the processing of visual information.
Alcohol misuse can disrupt gut microbiota, causing inflammation that leads to organ damage
Alcohol researchers have long known that excessive drinking can cause damage to the liver, pancreas, heart, muscle, bone, and brain. However, only a subset of patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) appear to develop organ damage. New research shows that alcohol-induced gut inflammation is the missing link between unhealthy drinking and organ damage among certain AUD patients.
‘Fit2Drive’ Transforms Assessing Older Drivers with Cognitive Decline
With the help of an evidence-based calculator called “Fit2Drive,” researchers have made it easy to administer and evaluate an in-office test to predict an older individual’s probability of passing an on-road driving test. Based upon brief, easily administered cognitive tests, Fit2Drive provides an objective estimation of the ability to drive for those with cognitive concerns. Results show that the Fit2Drive algorithm demonstrated a strong 91.5% predictive accuracy.
Exploring the underlying emotions that lead to alcohol and cannabis use
Theoretical models of alcohol and cannabis use disorders often focus on the idea that people consume alcohol and cannabis use to regulate their negative emotions – in other words, to make themselves feel better. New research does not support this idea, finding instead that people mostly consume alcohol and cannabis in their daily life when they are experiencing positive emotions.
Allowing children to sip and taste alcohol leads to increased drinking during late adolescence and young adulthood
Despite evidence that allowing children to try alcohol with parental supervision can increase risk for later drinking, many parents continue to do so in the belief that their children are more likely to develop responsible drinking habits.
Meet CARMEN, a Robot That Helps People with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Meet CARMEN, short for Cognitively Assistive Robot for Motivation and Neurorehabilitation–a small, tabletop robot designed to help people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) learn skills to improve memory, attention, and executive functioning at home.
Enhancing the performance of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis by constructing electron/proton pathways
This research initiative entailed the development of a composite conductor capable of concurrently facilitating the conduction of protons and electrons. Functioning as a catalyst binder, the composite conductor established a dual conduction pathway for protons and electrons.
Researchers at the University of Tromsø develop novel AI algorithm for analyzing microfossils
Researchers have developed a method for detecting and analysing microfossils automatically from microscope images using AI. Microfossil analysis is important both for industry and research to gain an understanding of the subsurface, and to understand the past geological time period and the past climate.
New prompt-based technique to enhance AI security
A team of researchers has introduced a method using text prompts to improve the security of AI systems against cyber threats, aiming to enhance safety in critical areas such as finance and healthcare.
Kids deserve a say on use of digital media
As Australian governments continue to debate social media risks for children, new research from the University of South Australia suggests that an all-out ban could have detrimental effects for tweens.
Facial recognition linked to close social bonds, not social butterflies
Do you have trouble recognising faces, or do you never forget a face? The better you are at facial recognition, the more supportive relationships you are likely to have, regardless of your personality type.
Expert: Heat dome health hazards and what this means for future summers
More than 100 million U.S. residents in 27 states received extreme heat alerts this week due to the heat dome, a large area of high pressure that traps and stagnates hot air, causing a heat wave that can last anywhere…
Young Adults’ Varying Reasons Not to Drink Point to Potential for More Effective AUD Prevention and Treatment Interventions
Young adults (aged 18-25) who use alcohol have varying personal reasons for not drinking on some days—reasons that could be harnessed to improve the effectiveness of programs preventing and treating alcohol use disorder (AUD), a new study suggests.
Multiracial individuals face unique challenges that may lead to high rates of alcohol and other drug use
Multiracial or mixed-race individuals – having parents or ancestors of different races – currently comprise more than 10 percent of the U.S. population. There is very little research on Multiracial individuals even though young adults in this group report high rates of alcohol and other drug (AOD) use: binge drinking, illicit drug use other than cannabis, and drug use disorders. New research explores what factors may contribute to high rates of substance use among this population. Results will be shared at the 47th annual scientific meeting of the Research Society on Alcohol (RSA) in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Data analysis of electronic medical records can predict adverse outcomes and suggest medications
Electronic medical records (EMRs) are digital versions of the paper charts typically found in clinician offices, clinics, and hospitals and are mostly used by healthcare providers for diagnosis and treatment. New research has leveraged EMR data analysis to predict the risk of developing adverse outcomes in the near future based on an individual’s medical history, and also pinpoint which medications may have beneficial effects.
LGBTQ+ students in collegiate recovery programs are doing very well but have unique needs
Compared to their cisgender/heterosexual peers, LGBTQ+ college students are at an elevated risk of substance use and mental health challenges. While collegiate recovery programs provide an array of support to students in recovery from substance use disorders, scarce research has examined the unique needs of LGBTQ+ students within this population.
Algorithm Improves Blood Sugar Control in Hospitalized Patients
Hospitalized patients with complex dietary restrictions often develop hyperglycemia (high blood sugar), leading to serious complications particularly in those with preexisting diabetes. UCSF endocrinologist Robert J. Rushakoff, MD, and his team developed a self-adjusting subcutaneous insulin algorithm (SQIA) for automatically adjusted dosing.
Gut Microbiome Linked to Brain Structure and Symptom Severity in People Who Drink Heavily
Gut bacteria may be associated with differences in brain structure and clinical symptom severity in people with alcohol use disorder.
Alarming study unveils how “forever chemicals” transfer from mothers to newborns
In an important scientific advancement, researchers have explored significant mechanisms and health implications of polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure in infants, analyzing their transfer through the placenta and into breast milk.
Easter Island’s ‘population crash’ never occurred, new research reveals
A detailed new analysis of Easter Island’s rock gardens by a research team including faculty at Binghamton University, State University of New York shows that a hypothetical “population crash” never occurred on the island.
Chilling discovery: Cold-sensing protein may pave the way for safer pain relief
Research published in Science Advances traced the history of human’s ability to feel cold back to the molecular underpinnings of the cold and menthol sensor TRPM8 over hundreds of millions of years. The findings could lead to non-addictive pain medications, a crucial development given the opioid crisis.
Cannabis use tied to increased risk of severe COVID-19
A study by researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis shows that people with COVID-19 who used cannabis were more likely to be hospitalized and require intensive care than those who did not use the drug.
Activating molecular target reverses multiple hallmarks of aging
Researchers at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center have demonstrated that therapeutically restoring ‘youthful’ levels of a specific subunit of the telomerase enzyme can significantly reduce the signs and symptoms of aging in preclinical models. If these findings are confirmed in clinical studies, there may be therapeutic implications for age-related diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, heart disease and cancer.
Women’s family trajectories after union dissolution: A comparative life course analysis
Abstract Objective Changes in family dynamics due to increased union instability are gathering scholarly attention. Against this backdrop, we asked: How do family life courses evolve after the dissolution of a first union? And, how do these processes vary across socio-historical contexts? Method…
Educational experiences and American young adults’ childbearing goals: A research note
Abstract Objective This research note describes the relationship between young adults’ educational experiences and childbearing goals in the United States. Background In the United States, education is associated with later childbearing and fewer children, but the relationship between education and…
Family and consensual non-monogamy: Parents’ perceptions of benefits and challenges
Abstract Objective This study explores the perspectives of parents in open or polyamorous relationships with regards to challenges and benefits of practicing consensual non-monogamy (CNM). Background Studies show that about one in five people, both in Canada and the United…
The entrepreneurial gender gap: The role of in-group support and national embeddedness values in young women’s entrepreneurship
Abstract This article uses a global multilevel sample to advance our understanding of the gender gap in youth entrepreneurship by investigating the joint moderating influence of in-group support and national embeddedness values on young women’s entrepreneurial activity relative to that…
Empowering Older Adults: Wearable Tech Made Easier With Personalized Support
New research shows how personalized support programs increase the use of wearable technology among older adults.
WCS Signs Joint Letter to the Science Based Targets Initiative (SBTi) Supporting the Use of High-Quality Carbon Credits in Scope 3 Emissions Abatement
Wildlife Conservation Society, along with American Forest Foundation, Conservation International, Environmental Defense Fund, Fauna & Flora, and The Nature Conservancy, signed a joint letter supporting the use of high-quality carbon credits in the abatement of scope 3 emissions under the Science Based Target initiative’s Net-Zero-Standard.
Experts available: SCOTUS Decision on Emergency Abortion Care
As the Supreme Court wraps up its term, there are a number of major decisions to come, including a decision in the case Idaho v. United States, with implications for the provision of emergency abortions and the future of the Emergency Medical…
Grafted cucumbers get a boost: pumpkin’s secret to withstanding salinity
A pivotal study has discovered a genetic synergy between pumpkin and cucumber that fortifies the latter’s resilience against salinity. The research illuminates the role of the CmoDREB2A transcription factor from pumpkin, which, when interacted with cucumber’s CmoNAC1, forms a regulatory loop that enhances salt tolerance.
Wave activity on Saturn’s largest moon, Titan, may be strong enough to erode the coastlines of lakes and seas
MIT, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution researchers find wave activity on Saturn’s largest moon may be strong enough to erode the coastlines of lakes and seas.
USU’s National Center for Disaster Medicine and Public Health Selects University of Hawaii to Establish Independent Red Hill Exposure Registry
The National Center for Disaster Medicine and Public Health (NCDMPH), a component of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), has selected the University of Hawaii (UH) to create and operate an independent registry of individuals who were exposed to, or at risk of exposure to, the Red Hill fuel release in November 2021.
Experts available: SCOTUS Decisions on 3 Social Media Cases
As the Supreme Court wraps up its term, there are a number of major decisions to come. Among them are decisions in the cases Moody v. NetChoice / NetChoice v. Paxton, and Murthy v. Missouri. These three cases have far-reaching implications for social media platforms,…