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UrduThree researchers from the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine have been elected to the American Association for the Advancement of Science’s (AAAS) class of 2023 fellows.
Category: Research Results
1 in 5 milk samples from grocery stores test positive for bird flu. Why the FDA says it’s still safe to drink
The FDA announced 1 in 5 grocery store milk samples tested positive for bird flu. UC Davis experts explain the limits of the test and how to protect yourself from avian influenza.
Scientists are shaking up lithium extraction with a different kind of chemistry
Scientists at the Critical Materials Innovation (CMI) Hub, led by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Ames National Laboratory, have developed a new process, mechanochemical extraction of lithium at low temperatures, or MELLT, to increase and diversify the supply of lithium in the United States.
Computer Scientists Unveil Novel Attacks on Cybersecurity
Researchers have found two novel types of attacks that target the conditional branch predictor found in high-end Intel processors, which could be exploited to compromise billions of processors currently in use. The multi-university and industry research team led by computer scientists at University of California San Diego will present their work at the 2024 ACM ASPLOS Conference that begins tomorrow.
Barcodes expand range of high-resolution sensor
A technique developed by Washington University researchers vastly expands the range of optical sensors used in measuring chemical signatures and molecules.
Undocumented Latinx patients got COVID-19 vaccine at same rate as U.S. citizens
For undocumented Latinx patients who sought care in the emergency room during the pandemic, the reported rate of having received the COVID-19 vaccine was found to be the same as U.S. citizens, a new UCLA Health study found.
Homelessness a Major Issue for Many Patients in the Emergency Department
Housing insecurity is an issue for 1 in 20 patients who go to emergency departments at major medical centers in the Southeast, according to a Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC) study published in JAMA Network Open.
Advance in the Treatment of Acute Heart Failure Identified
A multicenter study led by Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC) and Lipscomb University College of Pharmacy in Nashville has identified a potential new treatment for acute heart failure, a leading cause of hospitalization and death.
Eco-friendly nanobiolubricants set to transform industrial grinding practices
A review recently published underscores substantial advancements in employing nanobiolubricants within grinding operations, presenting a sustainable and efficient methodology that perfectly combines environmental awareness with enhanced industrial performance. This approach promises to set new standards in manufacturing processes by optimizing resource efficiency and minimizing ecological impact.
New Tool Helps Identify Babies at High-Risk for RSV
A new tool to identify infants most at risk for severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) illness could aid pediatricians in prioritizing children under 1 to receive a preventive medication before RSV season (October-April), according to Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC) research published in Open Forum Infectious Diseases and to be presented at the American Thoracic Society 2024 International Conference.
More Than 2 Million Gazelle Still Roam the Mongolian Steppe
A new publication in FirstView in Oryx sheds light on the status of Mongolian gazelle populations across Mongolia, Russia, and China, revealing both successes and challenges in the conservation efforts of this iconic species
New Orthopaedic Surgeon at Texas Tech Physicians an Expert in Treating Pelvic Fractures
As a trauma surgeon, Dr. Tyler brings world-class patient care and knowledge to Borderplex families, allowing them to find the best treatment for their pelvic and hip fractures, here at home.
Continued Medicare Reimbursement Declines Could Threaten Access to Physicians
A new Harvey L. Neiman Health Policy Institute study found that physician reimbursement per Medicare patient decreased 2.3% between 2005 and 2021 when accounting for inflation, despite a concurrent increase of 45.5% in physician services to each patient. These reimbursement trends varied widely by physician specialty (-57.6% for cardiac surgery to +189.1% for pain management).
ETRI Develops An Automated Benchmark for Language-based Task Planners
ETRI research team has developed a technology that automatically evaluates the performance of task plans generated by Large Language Models (LLMs), which paves the way for fast and objective assessment of task planning AIs.
New Sodium-ion battery tech boosts green energy storage affordability
In significant advances for energy-storage technologies, researchers have developed high–ionic-conductivity solid-state electrolytes for sodium-ion batteries that dramatically enhances at room temperature. This breakthrough not only paves the way for more efficient and affordable energy storage solutions but also strengthens the viability of sodium-ion batteries as a sustainable alternative to traditional lithium-ion systems.
WHOI Physical Oceanographer publishes peer-reviewed book about the Indian Ocean
The Indian Ocean and Its Role in the Global Climate System takes a deep dive into warming trends and extreme weather events
Research Finds Pronoun Use Not Only Shaped By Language But Also Beliefs
Pronouns like ”he” and “she” are at the center of much debate as society tries to shift to using more gender-inclusive pronouns like ‘they’—especially when referring to those with identities that do not fit with traditional pronouns.
Divining peak groundwater
New research predicts peak groundwater extraction for key basins around the globe by the year 2050. The map indicates groundwater storage trends for Earth’s 37 largest aquifers using data from the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory GRACE satellite.
Automated machine learning robot unlocks new potential for genetics research
University of Minnesota Twin Cities researchers have constructed a robot that uses machine learning to fully automate a complicated microinjection process used in genetic research.
Researchers advance detection of gravitational waves to study collisions of neutron stars and black holes
Researchers at the University of Minnesota Twin Cities College of Science and Engineering co-led a new study by an international team that will improve the detection of gravitational waves—ripples in space and time.
Rising hospital closures disproportionately affect disadvantaged communities
An analysis by UChicago researchers revealed that hospitals are more likely to close in predominantly Black and socioeconomically disadvantaged communities, potentially exacerbating existing health inequalities.
Scientists discover higher levels of CO2 increase survival of viruses in the air and transmission risk
A new study has revealed for the first time the vital role carbon dioxide (CO2) plays in determining the lifespan of airborne viruses – namely SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. It clearly showed keeping CO2 levels in check helps to reduce virus survival, and therefore the risk of infection.
Recovering phosphorus from sewage sludge ash
Chemical and heat treatment of sewage sludge can recover phosphorus in a process that could help address the problem of diminishing supplies of phosphorus ores.
Genetic hope in fight against devastating wheat disease
Fungal disease Fusarium head blight (FHB) is on the rise due to increasingly humid conditions induced by climate change during the wheat growing season, but a fundamental discovery by University of Adelaide researchers could help reduce its economic harm.
These jacks-of-all-trades are masters, too: Yeast study helps answer age-old biology question
The results, published April 26 in the journal Science, suggest that internal — not external — factors are the primary drivers of variation in the types of carbon yeasts can eat, and the researchers found no evidence that metabolic versatility, or the ability to eat different foods, comes with any trade-offs. In other words, some yeasts are jacks-of-all-trades and masters of each.
ETRI published Key International Standards for Wearable Healthcare
ETRI researchers have published key international standards for testing the accuracy of essential health management functions, such as step counting and heart rate monitoring, in wearable devices. This initiative has created a global common criterion for evaluating measurement accuracy in wearable devices.
Study Unveils Balance of AI and Preserving Humanity in Health Care
The survey of more than 1,100 nursing professionals and students shows that more than half express reservations toward the integration of artificial intelligence and 38% question its potential benefits for the nursing field. In addition, despite the potential of telehealth services, 74% of nurses have never utilized them, citing doubts about their efficacy in delivering comprehensive patient care. The new report recommends four strategies for health care organizations to empower nurses in adopting AI.
A systematic review of three key sugar metabolism proteins, HXK, SnRK1 and TOR, in the regulatory network of plant growth, development and stress
Sugar signalling is one of the most important regulatory signals for plant growth and development, and its metabolic network contains many regulatory factors.
Potential new worlds rescued by citizens of Earth! Early results of people-powered astronomy project ‘out of this world’
Eagle-eyed, armchair astronomers have almost certainly made a number of thrilling discoveries, including two possible Jupiter-sized ‘exoplanets’ – planets outside our solar system – in an international, citizen-science project run out of a UK university.
Genetic variations may predispose people to Parkinson’s disease following long-term pesticide exposure, study finds
A new UCLA Health study found certain genetic variants could help explain how long-term pesticide exposure could increase the risk of Parkinson’s disease.
Revolutionizing Mei (Prunus mume) Breeding: Genomic Insights into Ornamental and Cold Resistance Traits
A research team has provided an overview for understanding the genetic basis of ornamental and cold resistance traits in Mei (Prunus mume), a tree valued both for its ornamental and cultural significance in China.
Enhancing Heat Tolerance in Cool-Season Turfgrasses: A Comprehensive Review of Physiological Changes, Molecular Advances, and Breeding Strategies
A research team reviewed the physiological and morphological changes in cool-season turfgrasses under high temperature stress, alongside advances in molecular characterization of their temperature regulatory networks.
Innovative FTIR Spectroscopy Models Unravel Cell Wall Composition and Nutritional Quality in Buffel Grass
A research team developed Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy-based partial least squares regression (PLSR) models to assess Cenchrus spp (buffel grass) accessions, discovering significant correlations between cell wall composition and digestibility metrics like neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and indigestible NDF (iNDF).
Enhancing Fermented Sausage Quality: A Comprehensive Review of Gel Formation Mechanisms and the Role of Lactic Acid Bacteria
A research team reviewed the process of gel formation in fermented sausages, emphasizing the crucial role of myofibrillar proteins and the influence of lactic acid bacteria, temperature, and processing methods on gel properties.
Revolutionizing Sweetpotato Genetics: A Comprehensive Update to the ‘Taizhong 6’ Genome Annotation
A research team has substantially enhanced the annotation of the sweetpotato genome ‘Taizhong 6’, introducing a more comprehensive and detailed version, v1.0.a2.
Future Parents More Likely to Get RSV Vaccine When Pregnant if Aware That RSV Can Be a Serious Illness in Infants
A nationwide survey of people who were pregnant or trying to become pregnant found that overall 54 percent expressed interest in the RSV vaccine during pregnancy. Perceiving RSV as a serious illness in infants was the strongest predictor of likely vaccination during pregnancy. Likelihood to receive the RSV vaccine during pregnancy was also higher among parents with a child at home already. Findings were published in the journal Pediatrics.
Transforming Agriculture and Medicine: The Impact of Gene-Based Breeding (GBB)
A research team has demonstrated that gene-based breeding (GBB) offers a transformative approach to advancing plant and animal breeding, showing remarkable predictability, speed, and cost-effectiveness.
Advancing CBSD Resistance in Cassava: A Comprehensive Review of Breeding Strategies and the Role of New Plant Technologies
A research team reviewed the advancements in managing cassava brown streak disease (CBSD), highlighting the integration of new plant breeding technologies (NPBTs) with traditional breeding to enhance resistance.
Researchers Publish Final Results of Key Clinical Trial for Gene Therapy for Sickle Cell Disease
An international consortium published the final results of a key clinical trial of the gene therapy CASGEVY (exagamglogene autotemcel) for the treatment of sickle cell disease in patients 12 years and older with recurrent vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs).
It’s easier now to treat opioid addiction with medication — but use has changed little
In the first year after the sudden removal of a requirement that prescribers get special permission to prescribe medication for opioid addiction, a study finds more prescribers started providing it, but the number of patients receiving it didn’t rise very much.
For Immigrants to Canada, Risk of MS Increases with Proportion of Life Spent There
Immigrants to Canada who have spent a greater proportion of their lives in Canada have a greater risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS) than people who have spent a smaller proportion of their lives there, according to a study published in the April 24, 2024, online issue of Neurology®, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology. The study does not prove that an increased proportion of life in Canada causes MS; it only shows an association.
Use of Acid Reflux Drugs Linked to Higher Risk of Migraine
People who take acid-reducing drugs may have a higher risk of migraine and other severe headache than people who do not take these medications, according to a study published in the April 24, 2024, online issue of Neurology® Clinical Practice, an official journal of the American Academy of Neurology. The acid-reducing drugs include proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole and esomeprazole, histamine H2-receptor antagonists, or H2 blockers, such as cimetidine and famotidine, and antacid supplements.
Sweet potato quality analysis is enhanced with hyperspectral imaging and AI
Sweet potato quality assessment is crucial for producers and processors because features influence texture and taste, consumer preferences, and viability for different purposes. A new study from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign explores the use of hyperspectral imaging and explainable artificial intelligence (AI) to assess sweet potato attributes.
Detection of Missed Colorectal Cancer Remains Low for Most Diverticulitis Patients
Colonoscopy is often recommended following an episode of diverticulitis to exclude missed colorectal cancer (CRC). Now one study, published in the Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology journal, shows that the prevalence of CRC is low in most patients with diverticulitis. However, patients with complicated diverticulitis are the exception.
A university lecture, with a dash of jumping jacks
A university professor has found a way to help students – and himself – power through long lecture classes: exercise breaks. A new study showed that five-minute exercise sessions during lectures were feasible and that students reported positive impacts on their attention and motivation, engagement with their peers and course enjoyment.
Laser technology offers breakthrough in detecting illegal ivory
A new way of quickly distinguishing between illegal elephant ivory and legal mammoth tusk ivory could prove critical to fighting the illegal ivory trade. A laser-based approach developed by scientists at the Universities of Bristol and Lancaster, could be used by customs worldwide to aid in the enforcement of illegal ivory from being traded under the guise of legal ivory.
A Flexible Microdisplay Can Monitor and Visualize Brain Activity in Real-time During Brain Surgery
A thin film that combines an electrode grid and LEDs can both track and produce a visual representation of the brain’s activity in real-time during surgery–a huge improvement over the current state of the art.
CHOP Researchers Discover Underlying Biology Behind Fontan-Associated Liver Disease
As patients with congenital heart diseases live longer, researchers are attempting to understand some of the other complications they may face as they age. In a new study, a team from Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) used state-of-the-art technologies to understand the underlying biology of Fontan-associated liver disease (FALD).
Moffitt Study Suggests Cells Possess Hidden Communication System
Cells constantly navigate a dynamic environment, facing ever-changing conditions and challenges. But how do cells swiftly adapt to these environmental fluctuations? A new Moffitt Cancer Center study, published in iScience, is answering that question by challenging our understanding of how cells function. A team of researchers suggests that cells possess a previously unknown information processing system that allows them to make rapid decisions independent of their genes.
Newly discovered alteration of brain network condition could possibly predict extremely painful vaso-occlusive crisis in patients with sickle cell disease
A new study led by Indiana University School of Medicine researchers found a brain network condition called “explosive synchronization” could be the cause of extreme pain crises in people with sickle cell disease.