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Can Sodium-Ion Batteries Replace Trusty Lithium-Ion Ones?

January 12, 2021 sarah Jonas Applied Physics Reviews, Batteries, Carbon, Energy, lithium-ion battery, Physics, rechargeable batteries, Zhejiang University

Sodium-ion batteries are a potential replacement for lithium batteries, but different anodes are needed for the same level of performance. Amorphous carbon is known to be a useful anode, because it has defects and voids that can be used to store sodium ions. Nitrogen/phosphorus-doped carbon also offers appealing electrical properties. In Applied Physics Reviews, researchers describe how they applied basic physical concepts of atomic scale to build high-performance anodes for sodium-ion batteries.

Research Results

Tiny Nanospindles Enhance Use of Ultrasound to Fight Cancer

December 8, 2020 sarah Jonas Applied Physics Reviews, Cancer, Cancer Therapy, nano, Nanomaterials, Physics, Soochow University, Tumor Growth, Ultrasound

Ultrasound can be used to treat cancer when used in combination with molecules that sensitize the system to sound waves. These sonosensitizers generate toxic reactive oxygen species that attack and kill tumor cells. In Applied Physics Review, scientists report a new type of sonosensitizer based on a vanadium-doped titanium dioxide that enhances the amount of damage ultrasound inflicts on tumors. Studies in mice showed that tumor growth was markedly suppressed when compared to a control group.

Research Results

Batteries Mimic Mammal Bones for Stability

December 8, 2020 sarah Jonas Applied Physics Reviews, Batteries, battery cathode, Bioinspired, Biomimetic, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Lithium Ion, lithium ion alternatives, Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, University Of Texas At Austin

Sodium-ion batteries offer several advantages over lithium-ion batteries; however, it is difficult to develop sodium cathodes, materials through which electrons can enter a battery. Many candidate materials are unstable or cannot withstand high voltages. To find a solution, researchers turned to nature. They created a porous system of NVP structures, surrounded by a dense shell of reduced graphene oxide. They describe the mammal bone-inspired sodium cathode in the journal Applied Physics Reviews.

Research Results

Clothing, Tattoos Could Be Used to Monitor Patient Health

December 1, 2020 sarah Jonas Applied Physics Reviews, Diagnostics, National University Of Singapore, Noninvasive, Physics, Wearable Technology, wearables

A shirt that monitors your blood pressure or a pair of socks that can keep track of your cholesterol levels might be just a few years away from becoming reality. In Applied Physics Reviews, researchers examine the use of microfibers and nanofibers as wearable monitors that could keep track of a patient’s vital signs. The microfiber- and nanofiber-based technology addresses growing concerns in the medical community about monitoring chronic illnesses as the population ages.

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Improving High-Energy Lithium-Ion Batteries with Carbon Filler

November 10, 2020 sarah Jonas Applied Physics Reviews, Battery, Carbon Nanotubes, Electricity, Energy, Lithium-ion batteries, Physics, Power, University Of Texas At Austin

Lithium-ion batteries are the major rechargeable power source for many portable devices as well as electric vehicles, but their use is limited, because they do not provide high power output while simultaneously allowing reversible energy storage. Research reported in Applied Physics Reviews aims to offer a solution by showing how the inclusion of conductive fillers improves battery performance.

Research Results

Hydrogen Embrittlement Creates Complications for Clean Energy Storage, Transportation

October 6, 2020 sarah Jonas Applied Physics Reviews, Clean Energy, Hydrogen, National Institute Of Standards And Technology, Physics

Hydrogen is becoming a crucial pillar in the clean energy movement, and developing safe and cost-effective storage and transportation methods for it is essential but complicated, because hydrogen can cause brittleness in several metals including ferritic steel. Recent advancements are starting to provide insight into the embrittlement process. A review of various methods in Applied Physics Reviews improves the understanding of the structure, property, and performance of ferritic steels subjected to mechanical loading in a hydrogen environment.

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Black Phosphorus Future in 3D Analysis, Molecular Fingerprinting

July 28, 2020 sarah Jonas Applied Physics Reviews, National University Of Singapore, Optoelectronic, Photonics, Physics

Many compact systems using mid-infrared technology continue to face compatibility issues when integrating with conventional electronics. Black phosphorus has garnered attention for overcoming these challenges thanks to a wide variety of uses in photonic circuits. Research published in Applied Physics Reviews highlights the material’s potential for emerging devices ranging from medical imaging to environment monitoring, assessing progress in different components of the chips, from light detection to laser emission.

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Photon-Based Processing Units Enable More Complex Machine Learning

July 21, 2020 sarah Jonas Applied Physics Reviews, Artificial Intelligence, Computing, Data Processing, George Washington University, Machine Learning, Neural Network, Photonic

Machine learning performed by neural networks is a popular approach to developing artificial intelligence, as researchers aim to replicate brain functionalities for a variety of applications. A paper in the journal Applied Physics Reviews proposes a new approach to perform computations required by a neural network, using light instead of electricity. In this approach, a photonic tensor core performs multiplications of matrices in parallel, improving speed and efficiency of current deep learning paradigms.

Research Results

Nanofiber Membranes Transformed Into 3D Scaffolds

May 12, 2020 sarah Jonas Applied Physics Reviews, Biomaterials, Biomedical, Biomimetic, Cells, Electrospinning, Nanofiber, Physics

Researchers combined gas foaming and 3D molding technologies to quickly transform electrospun membranes into complex 3D shapes for biomedical applications. The new approach demonstrates significant improvements in speed and quality compared with other methods, and is the first successful demonstration of formation of 3D neural tissue constructs with an ordered structure through differentiation of human neural progenitor/stem cells on these transformed 3D nanofiber scaffolds. They discuss their work in this week’s Applied Physics Reviews.

Research Results

Broadband Enhancement Relies on Precise Tilt

May 5, 2020 sarah Jonas Applied Physics Reviews, Light, Massachusetts Institute Of Technology, Metamaterials, OPTICS, Photons, Physics, Quantum, Zhejiang University

If a photon source could be placed on a single chip and made to produce photons at a high rate, this could enable high-speed quantum communication or information processing. In Applied Physics Reviews, a simple on-chip photon source using a hyperbolic metamaterial is proposed, and investigators carried out calculations to show that a prototype arranged in a precise way can overcome problems of low efficiency and allow for high repetition rates for on-chip photon sources.

Research Results

Emerging Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Devices Based on Silicon Carbide May Revolutionize Power Electronics

April 28, 2020 sarah Jonas Applied Physics Reviews, Crystal, Microelectronics, Nanoelectronics, Physics, Semiconductor, Silicon, Sustainable

Silicon plays a central role within the semiconductor industry for microelectronic and nanoelectronic devices, and silicon wafers of high purity single-crystalline material can be obtained via a combination of liquid growth methods. In Applied Physics Reviews, researchers describe the atomic mechanisms governing extended defect kinetics in cubic silicon carbide, which has a diamondlike zincblende crystal structure that manifests stacking and anti-phase instabilities. The study pinpoints the atomistic mechanisms responsible for extended defect generation and evolution.

Research Results

Organic Memory Devices Show Promise for Flexible, Wearable, Personalized Computing

April 21, 2020 sarah Jonas Applied Physics Reviews, Artificial Intelligence, Computing, Electronics, Internet of Things, memristive

The advent of artificial intelligence, machine learning and the internet of things is expected to change modern electronics. The pressing question for many researchers is how to handle this technological revolution. Brain-inspired electronics with organic memristors could offer a functionally promising and cost- effective platform. Since memristors are functionally analogous to the operation of neurons, the computing units in the brain, they are optimal candidates for brain-inspired computing platforms.

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