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UrduNew Brunswick, N.J., October 3, 2023 – For breast cancer patients undergoing a lumpectomy, a type of breast cancer surgery in which the tumor and a small amount of surrounding tissue called the margin is removed, the standard mode of treatment…
Category: Research Alert
Natural variation in Brachypodium distachyon responses to combined abiotic stresses
Understanding how native plants deal with extreme temperature, drought, and other environmental stresses offers insights into how crops can be bred to better withstand the harsh realities resulting from climate change. Ludwig and collaborators studied the genetic variation in how…
Study Explores How Kidneys Adapt to High Potassium Diet
Article title: Dietary anions control potassium excretion: it is more than a poorly absorbable anion effect Authors: Lama Al-Qusairi, Mohammed Z. Ferdaus, Truyen D. Pham, Dimin Li, P. Richard Grimm, Ava M. Zapf, Delaney C. Abood, Ebrahim Tahaei, Eric Delpire,…
Researchers Explore Proteins’ Roles in Cilia Associated with Polycystic Kidney Disease
Article title: CFTR and PC2, partners in the primary cilia in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease Authors: Murali K. Yanda, Cristian Ciobanu, William B. Guggino, Liudmila Cebotaru From the authors: “Here we show that [cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)]…
Menstrual Cycle Phase Doesn’t Affect Fuel Provision during Exercise
Article title: The impact of natural menstrual cycle and oral contraceptive pill phase on substrate oxidation during rest and acute submaximal aerobic exercise Authors: Jennifer S. Williams, Jenna C. Stone, Zaryan Masood, William Bostad, Martin J. Gibala, Maureen J. MacDonald…
Transplanting Muscle Mitochondria among Species May Create Opportunity for New Treatments
Article title: Muscle mitochondrial transplantation can rescue and maintain cellular homeostasis Authors: Debasmita Bhattacharya, Mikhaela B. Slavin, David A. Hood From the authors: “Our study illustrates the feasibility of using mouse skeletal muscle-derived mitochondria for transplantation in intraspecies- and interspecies-specific…
Urban Pollution Changes Properties of Lung Cells, Causes Fibrosis
Article title: Complex urban atmosphere alters alveolar stem cells niche properties and drives lung fibrosis Authors: Randa Belgacemi, Bruno Ribeiro Baptista, Grégoire Justeau, Marylène Toigo, Andrew Frauenpreis, Rojda Yilmaz, Audrey Der Vartanian, Mathieu Cazaunau, Edouard Pangui, Antonin Bergé, Aline Gratien,…
Study Gives 3D Picture of Age-related Changes in Heart Muscle Mitochondria
Article title: Three-dimensional mitochondria reconstructions of murine cardiac muscle changes in size across aging Authors: Zer Vue, Kit Neikirk, Larry Vang, Edgar Garza-Lopez, Trace A. Christensen, Jianqiang Shao, Jacob Lam, Heather K. Beasley, Andrea G. Marshall, Amber Crabtree, Josephs…
The YABBY gene SHATTERING1 controls activation rather than patterning of the abscission zone in Setaria viridis
Plants have highly evolved mechanisms to shed or drop organs (abscission) in response to environmental or developmental cues. It’s why you have to rake leaves in the Fall! But in agriculture, the natural shedding of flowers or seeds is detrimental, and cereal crops with abscission-inhibiting mutations in certain genes, like SHATTERING1, have been bred to dramatically increase yield. Using Crispr gene editing and detailed analyses, Yu et al. show for the first time some mechanistic features of abscission in the grasses, including the role of the plant hormone auxin.
Long COVID patients show distinct immune, hormone responses to virus
People suffering from long COVID symptoms show different immune and hormonal responses to the virus that causes COVID-19, according to a new study led by researchers at Yale School of Medicine. An estimated 7.5% of people infected with the SARS-CoV-2…
Protein p53 regulates learning, memory, sociability in mice
Researchers at the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology have established the protein p53 as critical for regulating sociability, repetitive behavior, and hippocampus-related learning and memory in mice, illuminating the relationship between the protein-coding gene TP53 and neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders.
Loss of Key Protein Makes Mice More Likely to Develop High Bood Pressure
Rockville, Md. (September 26, 2023)—Researchers from the Medical College of Wisconsin found that loss of the key protein prorenin receptor in a mouse’s brain makes mice more susceptible to developing hypertension. The results are contrary to Pablo Nakagawa, PhD, and…
Mechanism of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell exosomes in the treatment of heart failure
BACKGROUNDHeart failure (HF) is a global health problem characterized by impaired heart function. Cardiac remodeling and cell death contribute to the development of HF. Although treatments such as digoxin and angiotensin receptor blocker dr
Multiomics reveal human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells improving acute lung injury via the lung-gut axis
BACKGROUNDAcute lung injury (ALI) and its final severe stage, acute respiratory distress syndrome, are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates in patients due to the lack of effective specific treatments. Gut microbiota homeostas
Interferon-γ priming enhances the therapeutic effects of menstrual blood-derived stromal cells in a mouse liver ischemia-reperfusion model
BACKGROUNDMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used in liver transplantation and have certain effects in alleviating liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and regulating immune rejection. However, some studies have indicated that the e
Integrin beta 3-overexpressing mesenchymal stromal cells display enhanced homing and can reduce atherosclerotic plaque
BACKGROUNDUmbilical cord (UC) mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation is a potential therapeutic intervention for atherosclerotic vascular disease. Integrin beta 3 (ITGB3) promotes cell migration in several cell types. However, whether
Enhanced wound healing and hemostasis with exosome-loaded gelatin sponges from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells
BACKGROUNDRapid wound healing remains a pressing clinical challenge, necessitating studies to hasten this process. A promising approach involves the utilization of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) derived exosomes. The
Sociomedical Factors May Put Black Men at Higher Risk of Death from Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer exhibits one of the widest racial and socioeconomic disparities among all cancers affecting men. New research challenges the long-standing view that Black men may be more biologically or genetically prone to prostate cancer. A paper published in the journal Cancers finds…
3D Stress Patterns in Capillaries Are Caused by Red Blood Cell Squeezing
Rockville, Md. (September 15, 2023)—New and unique shear stress patterns can occur in angiogenic capillary (new blood vessel growth) networks, according to a new study in the journal Function. There was also enhancement of low shear stress regions by red…
Investigators at Mount Sinai Find Strong Association of Kidney Injury with Dasatinib, a Commonly Used Oncological Therapeutic
Investigators at Mount Sinai Find Strong Association of Kidney Injury with Dasatinib, a Commonly Used Oncological Therapeutic Findings suggest an update may be warranted for current clinical care, screening guidelines, and FDA guidance on adverse events Principal Investigator: Evren U.…
New loss mitigation technique paves the way for perfect optical resonators
Optical resonators are used in everything from familiar laser pointers to cutting-edge photonic quantum computers. But they all suffer from losses that degrade their performance. Researchers at Aalto University have now developed a way to prevent those losses, boosting the…
Nearly Half of Mental Health Practitioners Say They Are Unprepared to Help Clients Cope with Climate Change, Study Shows
Newswise — Many mental health counselors feel ill-equipped to help their clients deal with psychological issues around climate change, according to a new study published in the Journal of Humanistic Counseling, a journal of the American Counseling Association. Researchers and…
Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor promotes mesenchymal stem cells differentiation into cardiac progenitor cells in vitro and improves cardiomyopathy in vivo
BACKGROUNDCardiovascular diseases particularly myocardial infarction (MI) are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity around the globe. As cardiac tissue possesses very limited regeneration potential, therefore use of a potent small mo
Constitutive aryl hydrocarbon receptor facilitates the regenerative potential of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells
BACKGROUNDBone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) are the commonly used seed cells in tissue engineering. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a transcription factor involved in various cellular processes. However, the function of const
Interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha synergistically enhance the immunosuppressive capacity of human umbilical-cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells by increasing PD-L1 expression
BACKGROUNDThe immunosuppressive capacity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is dependent on the “license” of several proinflammatory factors to express immunosuppressive factors such as programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), which dete
Mastering the craft: Creating an insightful and widely-cited literature review
The art of constructing an insightful literature review manuscript has witnessed an exemplar in the work of Oz et al (2023), wherein concept progression harmoniously merges with figures and tables. Reflecting on retrospective data science,
Up-to-date meta-analysis of long-term evaluations of mesenchymal stem cell therapy for complex perianal fistula
BACKGROUNDLocal mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy for complex perianal fistulas (PFs) has shown considerable promise. But, the long-term safety and efficacy of MSC therapy in complex PFs remain unknown. AIMTo explore the long-term effect
Quercetin ameliorates oxidative stress-induced senescence in rat nucleus pulposus-derived mesenchymal stem cells via the miR-34a-5p/SIRT1 axis
BACKGROUNDIntervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a main contributor to low back pain. Oxidative stress, which is highly associated with the progression of IDD, increases senescence of nucleus pulposus-derived mesenchymal stem cells (NPMS
Airborne Measurements Shed Light on Accuracy of Cloud Physics Theory
Clouds in the atmosphere form when water vapor condenses around tiny aerosol particles, or nuclei, suspended in the atmosphere. Climate simulations use theoretical models to determine how many of these aerosols and what types are present. But how well does…
Newly published research identified a previously unknown way in which exoenzymes can be deactivated through iron-bearing minerals
Newly published research emphasizes the importance of understanding how to improve protection of the global soil organic matter balance.
Theoretical and Experimental Physics Team Up in the Search for Particle Flavor Change
Scientists recently discovered that neutrinos have mass, counter to long-held understanding. This means that neutrinos can change flavor. Now, advances in theory and experiment are helping scientists to determine whether the neutrinos’ charged counterparts—electrons, muons, and tauons—can also change flavor and how future experiments can look for those changes.
Simple ballpoint pen can write custom LEDs
Researchers working with Chuan Wang, an associate professor of electrical and systems engineering at the McKelvey School of Engineering at Washington University in St. Louis, have developed ink pens that allow individuals to handwrite flexible, stretchable optoelectronic devices on everyday materials including paper, textiles, rubber, plastics and 3D objects.
Microalgae vs. mercury
In the search for ways to fight methylmercury pollution in global waterways, scientists at Oak Ridge National Laboratory discovered that some forms of phytoplankton are good at degrading the substance.
Reduced frequency & intensity of migraine attacks after single dose of psilocybin
Psilocybin – the active ingredient in psychedelic mushrooms – shows promise for the transitional treatment of episodic migraines in early clinical trials, according to a review from Yale School of Medicine’s Emmanuelle Schindler, M.D., Ph.D. In the first and only…
Analysis suggests access to primary care could play an important role in reducing hospitalizations
A secondary analysis of a randomized encouragement study found that Medicare patients who received social needs case management had a 3% increase in primary care visits and an 11% reduction in inpatient hospitalizations. These findings suggest that increased access to primary care could play an important role in reducing acute care use. A brief research report is published in Annals of Internal Medicine.
Physicians who care for patients of reproductive potential should initiate conversations about contraception
A new Annals ‘In the Clinic’ provides a detailed summary of contraceptive methods and presents evidence-based discussion points that physicians can use to initiate a dialogue with their patients of reproductive potential. The timing of this release is crucial as pregnancy-associated mortality is on the rise, abortion access is decreasing, and the mini pill has just been approved for over-the-counter use in the United States. The ‘In the Clinic’ feature is published in Annals of Internal Medicine.
Generic fluticasone-salmeterol as effective as brand-name version
A propensity score-matched cohort study of patients treated for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in routine practice found that the use of generic and brand-name fluticasone–salmeterol was associated with similar outcomes. The findings are published in Annals of Internal Medicine.
Health care workers face increased risk for fatal drug overdoses
A study of health care workers (HCWs) found that registered nurses, social or behavioral health workers, and health care support workers were at increased risk for drug overdose death, suggesting the need to identify and intervene on those at high risk. The findings are published in Annals of Internal Medicine.
Type 2 diabetes is associated with hospital stays for a wide range of medical conditions but, in people diagnosed at a young age, mental health disorders are the biggest contributing factor
Type 2 diabetes is associated with hospital stays for a wide range of medical conditions but, in people diagnosed at a young age, mental health disorders are the biggest contributing factor ##### In your coverage, please use this URL to…
AI model isolates olive oil ingredients that may fight Alzheimer’s
A growing body of evidence suggests extra virgin olive oil can help prevent cognitive decline due to Alzheimer’s disease. In a new study, Yale School of Medicine researchers led by Natalie Neumann, MD, trained a machine learning algorithm on current…
Study: Black M.D.-Ph.D. students 83% more likely to leave medical school than white students
A new study led by researchers at Yale School of Medicine shines a light on racial disparities in attrition rate from M.D.-Ph.D. programs. In a review of enrollment data from the Association of American Medical Colleges team led by YSM…
Studying the Blood Transcriptome May Improve Understanding of Variability in Exercise Response
Article title: Novel whole blood transcriptome signatures of changes in maximal aerobic capacity in response to endurance exercise training in healthy women Authors: Thomas J. LaRocca, Meghan E. Smith, Kaitlin A. Freeberg, Daniel H. Craighead, Timothy Helmuth, Matthew M. Robinson,…
Researchers Study Changes in Brain’s Gray Matter Over Time, between Sexes
Article title: Changes of cortical gray matter volume during development: a Human Connectome Project study Authors: Peka Christova and Apostolos P. Georgopoulos From the authors: “The rates of volume reduction with age did not differ significantly between the two sexes,…
Study Explores Role of Wnt Signaling Pathway in Gastric Cells
Article title: Differential sensitivity to Wnt signaling gradients in human gastric organoids derived from corpus and antrum Authors: Kevin P. McGowan, Elizabeth Delgado, Elise S. Hibdon, Linda C. Samuelson From the authors: “[Our] study highlights the key role Wnt signaling…
Excess Testosterone Can Lead to Increased Cardiovascular Risks in People with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Article title: Testosterone-associated blood pressure dysregulation in women with androgen excess polycystic ovary syndrome Authors: Tori Stone, Licy L. Yanes Cardozo, Toni N. Oluwatade, Cheryl A. Leone, Melanie Burgos, Faith Okifo, Lubna Pal, Jane F. Reckelhoff, Nina. S. Stachenfeld From…
Food Temperature Linked to Taste Bud Nerve Activity
Article title: Effects of temperature on action potentials and ion conductances in type II taste-bud cells Authors: Zhongming Ma, Usha Paudel, J. Kevin Foskett From the authors: “Here we show that the electrical activity of type II taste-bud cells that…
Enzyme in T Cells Worsens Salt-sensitive Hypertension and Related Kidney Damage
Article title: Functional NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) in T cells amplifies salt-sensitive hypertension and associated renal damage Authors: Samuel D. Walton, John Henry Dasinger, Emily C. Burns, Mary Cherian-Shaw, Justine M. Abais-Battad, David L. Mattson From the authors: “The results…
Researchers Use Raman Microspectroscopy to Learn about Cardiomyopathy Mechanisms
Article title: Exploring the relationship between epigenetic DNA methylation and cardiac fibrosis through Raman microspectroscopy Authors: Lucas Becker, Ivonne A. Montes-Mojarro, Shannon Lee Layland, Ali Nsair, Falko Fend, Julia Marzi, Katja Schenke-Layland From the authors: “In this study, we used…
Micro-cognition biomarkers redefine ADHD subtypes
Symptom-based ADHD diagnoses may not align with a patient’s underlying neuropathy, making it harder to develop individualized treatment plans. In a new study, a team led by Yale School of Medicine’s Bruce Wexler, MD, identified four ADHD subgroups based on…
Atopic dermatitis associated with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disorder that has well-established associations with depression and anxiety. A new Yale School of Medicine study finds AD is also associated with increased risk for schizophrenia and shizoaffective disorder. Schizophrenia is a…