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UrduElephants and lions are iconic species that help raise substantial funds for conservation. However, they also pose significant threats to people, crops, and livestock, and are themselves threatened with extinction.
Category: Research Results
Study of AI-enabled EKGs finds that a difference between numerical age and biological age significantly affects health, longevity
You might be older ― or younger ― than you think. A new study found that differences between a person’s age in years and his or her biological age, as predicted by an artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled EKG, can provide measurable insights into health and longevity.
Study finds evidence emotional support animals benefit those with chronic mental illness
A team led by a social work researcher at The University of Toledo has published the first empirical evidence that emotional support animals can provide quantifiable benefits to individuals with serious mental illness who are experiencing depression, anxiety and loneliness.
Epigenetic mechanism can explain how chemicals in plastic may cause lower IQ levels
The chemical bisphenol F (found in plastics) can induce changes in a gene that is vital for neurological development. This discovery was made by researchers at the universities of Uppsala and Karlstad, Sweden.
The driving force behind tropical mudslides
In April 2017, a landslide in Mocoa, Colombia, ripped through a local town, killing more than 300 people.
Forensic memory detection tests less effective in older adults
New research led by the University of Kent’s School of Psychology has found that some brain activity methods used to detect incriminating memories do not work accurately in older adults.
New research could lead to better treatment for epilepsy
Scientists have discovered that the way in which neurons are connected within regions of the brain, can be a better indicator of disease progression and treatment outcomes for people with brain disorders such as epilepsy.
Accounting for finance is key for climate mitigation pathways
A new study highlights the opportunity to complement climate mitigation scenarios with scenarios that capture the interdependence among investors’ perception of future climate risk, the credibility of climate policies, and the allocation of investments across low- and high-carbon assets in the economy.
Compound Commonly Found in Candles Lights the Way to Grid-Scale Energy Storage
A compound used widely in candles offers promise for a much more modern energy challenge—storing massive amounts of energy to be fed into the electric grid as the need arises.
New Research Maps COVID-19 Dispersal Dynamics in New York’s First Wave of Epidemic
Study Suggests Borough of Queens Was Major Hub of COVID-19 Dispersal
Earth’s vegetation is changing faster today than it has over the last 18,000 years
A global survey of fossil pollen has discovered that the planet’s vegetation is changing at least as quickly today as it did when the last ice sheets retreated around 10,000 years ago.
Brain Stimulation Evoking Sense of Touch Improves Control of Robotic Arm
The brain-computer interface user was able to transfer objects with a robotic arm at twice the speed of doing it without the tactile feedback.
Coronavirus Transmission in Queens Drove the First Wave of New York City’s Pandemic
The most populous boroughs in New York City, Queens and Brooklyn, likely served as the major hub of COVID-19 spread in the spring of 2020, a new study finds.
‘Brain fog’ persists among COVID-19 long-haulers
As people with long-haul COVID-19 continue to recover from their illness, neurocognitive symptoms may persist or even worsen over time, as reported in new findings from researchers at DePaul University.
New smartphone app predicts vineyard yields earlier, more accurately
Cornell University engineers and plant scientists have teamed up to develop a low-cost system that allows grape growers to predict their yields much earlier in the season and more accurately than costly traditional methods.
Why are some Covid-19 vaccines working better for men than women?
If there’s one take-home message for the general public about the coronavirus vaccines approved in the U.S., it’s that they are remarkably effective. But Michigan State University’s Morteza Mahmoudi is raising awareness about an important subtlety: The vaccines developed by Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech appear to work slightly better for men than for women.
Consumer values, brand expectations change in 2020
Today’s consumers are more attuned to brands’ values and willing to pay a premium to support companies that share their values, according to new research from the Bauer Leadership Center at Washington University in St. Louis and Vrity.
Hubble Tracks Down Fast Radio Bursts to Galaxies’ Spiral Arms
Astronomers are on the trail of one of the universe’s most enigmatic events: powerful bursts of radio waves that disappear in the blink of an eye. Using Hubble, they have traced the radio bursts to the spiral arms of distant galaxies.
The entire genome from Peştera Muierii 1 sequenced
For the first time, researchers have successfully sequenced the entire genome from the skull of Peştera Muierii 1, a woman who lived in today’s Romania 35,000 years ago.
Airborne radar reveals groundwater beneath glacier
Melting glaciers and polar ice sheets are among the dominant sources of sea-level rise, yet until now, the water beneath them has remained hidden from airborne ice-penetrating radar.
SPECIAL ISSUE ON THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
The international journal Risk Analysis has published a timely special issue for May 2021, “Global Systemic Risk and Resilience for Novel Coronavirus and COVID-19.” Featuring 11 papers written for this issue over the past year, the collection represents a sampling of insights and viewpoints from scholars across risk sciences and resilience analytics to guide decision-making and operations related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Older Adults with Functional Impairments Linked to Prescription Drug Use/Misuse
Researchers at University of California San Diego School of Medicine found that functional impairments among adults aged 50 and older are associated with a higher risk of medical cannabis use; and prescription opioid and tranquilizer/sedative use and misuse.
Stress from 2016 U.S. Presidential Election Associated with Significant Increase in Cardiac Events
A new study in the Journal of the American Heart Association is the first to show that exposure to a stressful political election is strongly associated with an increase in potentially life-threatening cardiac events.
Coenzyme Q10 May Protect against Possible Blindness from Mom’s Pregnancy Diet
New research in rats suggests a common antioxidant supplement may protect the next generation from a leading cause of blindness stemming from a high-sugar diet during pregnancy. The study is published ahead of print in the American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism.
Nearly 3% of Americans take immune-weakening drugs that may limit COVID vaccine response
A study of more than 3 million insured U.S. adult patients under 65 found that nearly 3% take immunosuppressive drugs that may elevate risk for severe COVID-19 symptoms and hospitalization if they became infected. There is growing evidence that immunosuppressive drugs may also reduce the COVID vaccine’s efficacy.
New AI-based tool can find rare cell populations in large single-cell datasets
MD Anderson researchers have developed a first-of-its-kind AI tool to identify rare groups of biologically important cells from the noise of large, complex single-cell datasets. The new tool, called SCMER, can help reserachers gain new insights across many applications.
Weight cycling linked to increased sleep problems in women
Women with a history of weight cycling – losing and regaining 10 pounds or more, even once – have increased rates of insomnia and other sleep problems, reports a study in The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, official journal of the Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association. The journal is published in the Lippincott portfolio by Wolters Kluwer.
Deep Learning Enables Dual Screening for Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease
In research published today in Nature Communications, a team of engineers from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and clinicians from Massachusetts General Hospital developed a deep learning algorithm that can help assess a patient’s risk of cardiovascular disease with the same low-dose computerized tomography (CT) scan used to screen for lung cancer. This approach paves the way for more efficient, more cost-effective, and lower radiation diagnoses, without requiring patients to undergo a second CT scan.
Experimental Drug Makes Radiation Therapy More Effective, Less Damaging
DALLAS – May 20, 2021 – An experimental drug that has shown promise in protecting healthy tissue from collateral damage caused by radiation therapy for cancer also appears to enhance radiation’s capacity to kill tumors, a new study led by UT Southwestern scientists shows. The findings, published online in Science Translational Medicine, could provide a much-needed boost to the radiation treatments used against a variety of tumor types.
Targeting Abnormal Cell Metabolism Shows Promise for Treating Aggressive Pediatric Brain Tumors
Two experimental drug approaches that target vulnerabilities in cancer cell metabolism may extend survival and enhance the effectiveness of standard chemotherapies for a highly aggressive type of pediatric brain cancer.
Multi-story buildings made of wood sell for 9% more than other construction in Helsinki
Building more homes and buildings with wood has been on the radar for years as a way to offset carbon emissions, though construction companies have been hesitant to take the material in broader use. A study at Aalto University in Finland is now the first to show that building with wood can be a sound investment.
New NUS technology completes vital class of industrial reactions five times faster
Researchers from NUS Engineering have developed a new method to increase the rate of an important chemical reaction known as hydrogenation by more than 5 times. Hydrogenation is used in the production of everyday items like plastics, fertilisers, and pharmaceuticals. The NUS team’s novel approach is a more direct and effective method that can lead to higher yields for industries and lower environmental impacts.
Children’s sleep and adenotonsillectomy
While a pint-sized snorer may seem adorable, studies shows that children with sleep disordered breathing are likely to show aggressive and hyperactive behaviours during the day. The recommended treatment is an adenotonsillectomy – not only to fix the snore, but also the behaviour. Now, new research from the University of South Australia, shows that while surgery can cure a child’s snoring it doesn’t change their behaviour, despite common misconceptions by parents and doctors alike.
Researchers find that blocking a protein in liver cells protects against insulin resistance and fatty liver disease
A new multi-institution study led by a team of researchers at the David Geffen School of Medicine demonstrated that blocking a protein called ABCB10 in liver cells protects against high blood sugar and fatty liver disease in obese mice. ABCB10 activity also prompted insulin resistance in human liver cells.
Final results of SPRINT study confirm controlling blood pressure critically important in preventing heart disease and stroke
News release about the follow-up data from the landmark SPRINT study of the effect of high blood pressure on cardiovascular disease have confirmed that aggressive blood pressure management — lowering systolic blood pressure to less than 120 mm Hg — dramatically reduces the risk of heart disease, stroke, and death from these diseases, as well as death from all causes, compared to lowering systolic blood pressure to less than 140 mm Hg.
Parkinson’s patients are particularly affected by COVID-19
A reason for these findings could be due to the fact that Parkinson’s patients often also have many risk factors for a severe course of Covid-19.
Experts Available and Research to Be Presented in Bladder Cancer, Disparities in Cancer and Other Areas at the 2021 ASCO Annual Meeting
The virtual Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), the largest medical meeting on the latest cancer research findings, will include several presentations by investigators from The Tisch Cancer Institute at Mount Sinai. Mount Sinai physician scientists will present leading research studies, including oral presentations on bladder cancer and disparities in cancer.
Metabolic inhibitor IACS-6274 shows early antitumor effects in underserved patients with advanced cancers
A metabolic inhibitor drug, IACS-6274, developed by MD Anderson’s Therapeutics Discovery division, is well-tolerated and showed early signs of anti-tumor activity in a Phase I trial being presented at the 2021 ASCO Annual Meeting.
Combination therapy achieves high rates of response for patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
A combination of ponatinib and blinatumomab was found to be safe and highly effective in patients with newly diagnosed or relapsed/refractory Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), according to researchers at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. The study may support a regimen to produce complete remission with front-line therapy, without the increased risks associated with systemic chemotherapy or a stem cell transplant.
Dana-Farber researchers present key studies at ASCO annual meeting
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute researchers are presenting dozens of research studies at the 2021 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). The studies will be presented during the virtual program on June 4-8, 2021. ASCO is the world’s largest clinical cancer research meeting, attracting more than 30,000 oncology professionals from around the world.
Immunotherapy combination shows benefit for patients with advanced melanoma, phase 3 trial shows
A combination of two drugs that target different proteins on immune system T cells kept advanced melanoma in check significantly longer than one of the drugs alone in a phase 3 clinical trial involving 714 patients. Dana-Farber Cancer Institute investigators co-led the study.
How a small fish coped with being isolated from the sea
The last ice age ended almost 12 000 years ago in Norway. The land rebounded slowly as the weight of the ice disappeared and the land uplift caused many bays to become narrower and form lakes.
In severe ankle arthritis, total ankle replacement yields better function than ankle arthrodesis
For patients with severe arthritis of the ankle, total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) provides better long-term function than ankle arthrodesis (AA), reports a study in The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery. The journal is published in the Lippincott portfolio in partnership with Wolters Kluwer.
Physicists Crack the Code to Signature Superconductor Kink Using Supercomputing
A team performed simulations on the Summit supercomputer and found that electrons in cuprates interact with phonons much more strongly than was previously thought, leading to experimentally observed “kinks” in the relationship between an electron’s energy and the momentum it carries.
Single fingerprint at a crime scene detects class A drug usage
The latest findings show that with clever science, a single fingerprint left at a crime scene could be used to determine whether someone has touched or ingested class A drugs.
Plant Consumers Play Unexpectedly Large Role in the Evolution of Seedling Success
Scientists have found that herbivores have a lot to say about plant evolution and determining the success of seedlings. The influence of birds, rabbits, mice and other herbivores likely counteracts early plant emergence due to climate change, the researchers found.
The way mice lick could reveal origins of neurological disorders
For the first time, Cornell University researchers have developed a technique for studying the neuroscience of motor control in mice ¬– by focusing on a mouse’s tongue when it licks a water spout.
More affirmation, less punishment may reduce harm to Black girls in schools, researchers assert
To improve the experiences of Black children in schools, particularly Black girls, a pair of researchers have conceptualized a new framework to help school leaders rethink anti-Black policies and practices, and help Black children recognize and celebrate their cultural identity.
FSU researchers uncover new role for strange organisms in ocean food web
Florida State University researchers have more insight into salps — a strange sea creature found in oceans around the world — and what their presence means for the health of a marine ecosystem.
Genetic Tools Help Identify a Cellular Culprit for Type 1 Diabetes
By mapping its genetic underpinnings, researchers at University of California San Diego School of Medicine have identified a predictive causal role for specific cell types in type 1 diabetes, a condition that affects more than 1.6 million Americans.