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UrduProstate cancer exhibits one of the widest racial and socioeconomic disparities among all cancers affecting men. New research challenges the long-standing view that Black men may be more biologically or genetically prone to prostate cancer. A paper published in the journal Cancers finds…
Category: Research Alert
3D Stress Patterns in Capillaries Are Caused by Red Blood Cell Squeezing
Rockville, Md. (September 15, 2023)—New and unique shear stress patterns can occur in angiogenic capillary (new blood vessel growth) networks, according to a new study in the journal Function. There was also enhancement of low shear stress regions by red…
Investigators at Mount Sinai Find Strong Association of Kidney Injury with Dasatinib, a Commonly Used Oncological Therapeutic
Investigators at Mount Sinai Find Strong Association of Kidney Injury with Dasatinib, a Commonly Used Oncological Therapeutic Findings suggest an update may be warranted for current clinical care, screening guidelines, and FDA guidance on adverse events Principal Investigator: Evren U.…
New loss mitigation technique paves the way for perfect optical resonators
Optical resonators are used in everything from familiar laser pointers to cutting-edge photonic quantum computers. But they all suffer from losses that degrade their performance. Researchers at Aalto University have now developed a way to prevent those losses, boosting the…
Nearly Half of Mental Health Practitioners Say They Are Unprepared to Help Clients Cope with Climate Change, Study Shows
Newswise — Many mental health counselors feel ill-equipped to help their clients deal with psychological issues around climate change, according to a new study published in the Journal of Humanistic Counseling, a journal of the American Counseling Association. Researchers and…
Up-to-date meta-analysis of long-term evaluations of mesenchymal stem cell therapy for complex perianal fistula
BACKGROUNDLocal mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy for complex perianal fistulas (PFs) has shown considerable promise. But, the long-term safety and efficacy of MSC therapy in complex PFs remain unknown. AIMTo explore the long-term effect
Quercetin ameliorates oxidative stress-induced senescence in rat nucleus pulposus-derived mesenchymal stem cells via the miR-34a-5p/SIRT1 axis
BACKGROUNDIntervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a main contributor to low back pain. Oxidative stress, which is highly associated with the progression of IDD, increases senescence of nucleus pulposus-derived mesenchymal stem cells (NPMS
Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor promotes mesenchymal stem cells differentiation into cardiac progenitor cells in vitro and improves cardiomyopathy in vivo
BACKGROUNDCardiovascular diseases particularly myocardial infarction (MI) are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity around the globe. As cardiac tissue possesses very limited regeneration potential, therefore use of a potent small mo
Constitutive aryl hydrocarbon receptor facilitates the regenerative potential of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells
BACKGROUNDBone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) are the commonly used seed cells in tissue engineering. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a transcription factor involved in various cellular processes. However, the function of const
Interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha synergistically enhance the immunosuppressive capacity of human umbilical-cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells by increasing PD-L1 expression
BACKGROUNDThe immunosuppressive capacity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is dependent on the “license” of several proinflammatory factors to express immunosuppressive factors such as programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), which dete
Mastering the craft: Creating an insightful and widely-cited literature review
The art of constructing an insightful literature review manuscript has witnessed an exemplar in the work of Oz et al (2023), wherein concept progression harmoniously merges with figures and tables. Reflecting on retrospective data science,
Airborne Measurements Shed Light on Accuracy of Cloud Physics Theory
Clouds in the atmosphere form when water vapor condenses around tiny aerosol particles, or nuclei, suspended in the atmosphere. Climate simulations use theoretical models to determine how many of these aerosols and what types are present. But how well does…
Newly published research identified a previously unknown way in which exoenzymes can be deactivated through iron-bearing minerals
Newly published research emphasizes the importance of understanding how to improve protection of the global soil organic matter balance.
Theoretical and Experimental Physics Team Up in the Search for Particle Flavor Change
Scientists recently discovered that neutrinos have mass, counter to long-held understanding. This means that neutrinos can change flavor. Now, advances in theory and experiment are helping scientists to determine whether the neutrinos’ charged counterparts—electrons, muons, and tauons—can also change flavor and how future experiments can look for those changes.
Simple ballpoint pen can write custom LEDs
Researchers working with Chuan Wang, an associate professor of electrical and systems engineering at the McKelvey School of Engineering at Washington University in St. Louis, have developed ink pens that allow individuals to handwrite flexible, stretchable optoelectronic devices on everyday materials including paper, textiles, rubber, plastics and 3D objects.
Microalgae vs. mercury
In the search for ways to fight methylmercury pollution in global waterways, scientists at Oak Ridge National Laboratory discovered that some forms of phytoplankton are good at degrading the substance.
Reduced frequency & intensity of migraine attacks after single dose of psilocybin
Psilocybin – the active ingredient in psychedelic mushrooms – shows promise for the transitional treatment of episodic migraines in early clinical trials, according to a review from Yale School of Medicine’s Emmanuelle Schindler, M.D., Ph.D. In the first and only…
Analysis suggests access to primary care could play an important role in reducing hospitalizations
A secondary analysis of a randomized encouragement study found that Medicare patients who received social needs case management had a 3% increase in primary care visits and an 11% reduction in inpatient hospitalizations. These findings suggest that increased access to primary care could play an important role in reducing acute care use. A brief research report is published in Annals of Internal Medicine.
Physicians who care for patients of reproductive potential should initiate conversations about contraception
A new Annals ‘In the Clinic’ provides a detailed summary of contraceptive methods and presents evidence-based discussion points that physicians can use to initiate a dialogue with their patients of reproductive potential. The timing of this release is crucial as pregnancy-associated mortality is on the rise, abortion access is decreasing, and the mini pill has just been approved for over-the-counter use in the United States. The ‘In the Clinic’ feature is published in Annals of Internal Medicine.
Generic fluticasone-salmeterol as effective as brand-name version
A propensity score-matched cohort study of patients treated for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in routine practice found that the use of generic and brand-name fluticasone–salmeterol was associated with similar outcomes. The findings are published in Annals of Internal Medicine.
Health care workers face increased risk for fatal drug overdoses
A study of health care workers (HCWs) found that registered nurses, social or behavioral health workers, and health care support workers were at increased risk for drug overdose death, suggesting the need to identify and intervene on those at high risk. The findings are published in Annals of Internal Medicine.
Type 2 diabetes is associated with hospital stays for a wide range of medical conditions but, in people diagnosed at a young age, mental health disorders are the biggest contributing factor
Type 2 diabetes is associated with hospital stays for a wide range of medical conditions but, in people diagnosed at a young age, mental health disorders are the biggest contributing factor ##### In your coverage, please use this URL to…
AI model isolates olive oil ingredients that may fight Alzheimer’s
A growing body of evidence suggests extra virgin olive oil can help prevent cognitive decline due to Alzheimer’s disease. In a new study, Yale School of Medicine researchers led by Natalie Neumann, MD, trained a machine learning algorithm on current…
Study: Black M.D.-Ph.D. students 83% more likely to leave medical school than white students
A new study led by researchers at Yale School of Medicine shines a light on racial disparities in attrition rate from M.D.-Ph.D. programs. In a review of enrollment data from the Association of American Medical Colleges team led by YSM…
Studying the Blood Transcriptome May Improve Understanding of Variability in Exercise Response
Article title: Novel whole blood transcriptome signatures of changes in maximal aerobic capacity in response to endurance exercise training in healthy women Authors: Thomas J. LaRocca, Meghan E. Smith, Kaitlin A. Freeberg, Daniel H. Craighead, Timothy Helmuth, Matthew M. Robinson,…
Researchers Study Changes in Brain’s Gray Matter Over Time, between Sexes
Article title: Changes of cortical gray matter volume during development: a Human Connectome Project study Authors: Peka Christova and Apostolos P. Georgopoulos From the authors: “The rates of volume reduction with age did not differ significantly between the two sexes,…
Study Explores Role of Wnt Signaling Pathway in Gastric Cells
Article title: Differential sensitivity to Wnt signaling gradients in human gastric organoids derived from corpus and antrum Authors: Kevin P. McGowan, Elizabeth Delgado, Elise S. Hibdon, Linda C. Samuelson From the authors: “[Our] study highlights the key role Wnt signaling…
Excess Testosterone Can Lead to Increased Cardiovascular Risks in People with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Article title: Testosterone-associated blood pressure dysregulation in women with androgen excess polycystic ovary syndrome Authors: Tori Stone, Licy L. Yanes Cardozo, Toni N. Oluwatade, Cheryl A. Leone, Melanie Burgos, Faith Okifo, Lubna Pal, Jane F. Reckelhoff, Nina. S. Stachenfeld From…
Food Temperature Linked to Taste Bud Nerve Activity
Article title: Effects of temperature on action potentials and ion conductances in type II taste-bud cells Authors: Zhongming Ma, Usha Paudel, J. Kevin Foskett From the authors: “Here we show that the electrical activity of type II taste-bud cells that…
Enzyme in T Cells Worsens Salt-sensitive Hypertension and Related Kidney Damage
Article title: Functional NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) in T cells amplifies salt-sensitive hypertension and associated renal damage Authors: Samuel D. Walton, John Henry Dasinger, Emily C. Burns, Mary Cherian-Shaw, Justine M. Abais-Battad, David L. Mattson From the authors: “The results…
Researchers Use Raman Microspectroscopy to Learn about Cardiomyopathy Mechanisms
Article title: Exploring the relationship between epigenetic DNA methylation and cardiac fibrosis through Raman microspectroscopy Authors: Lucas Becker, Ivonne A. Montes-Mojarro, Shannon Lee Layland, Ali Nsair, Falko Fend, Julia Marzi, Katja Schenke-Layland From the authors: “In this study, we used…
Micro-cognition biomarkers redefine ADHD subtypes
Symptom-based ADHD diagnoses may not align with a patient’s underlying neuropathy, making it harder to develop individualized treatment plans. In a new study, a team led by Yale School of Medicine’s Bruce Wexler, MD, identified four ADHD subgroups based on…
Atopic dermatitis associated with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disorder that has well-established associations with depression and anxiety. A new Yale School of Medicine study finds AD is also associated with increased risk for schizophrenia and shizoaffective disorder. Schizophrenia is a…
Pancreatic Cancer Starts with Mutant Cells Affecting Ion Balance and Energy Production
Rockville, Md. (July 26, 2023)—Mutant cells that initially resemble normal enzyme-producing cells drive the development of pancreatic cancer, according to a new study in the journal Function. One key distinction is that mutant cells might show altered physiological characteristics early…
Scientists develop deep learning computer model that generates a protein database directly from proteomics data
Using a new deep learning approach, a broad spectrum of scientists can now generate a protein database directly from proteomics data gathered from a specific soil sample. A key element of this approach is a digital tool called Kaiko, a…
Key Protein Helps Infant Mice Absorb More Calcium from Breast Milk
Rockville, Md. (July 25, 2023)—A key protein known as claudin-2, which lines the intestinal epithelial cells of infant mice, helps them absorb more calcium from breast milk, according to a new study in the journal Function. Researchers from the University…
Study: Blood stem cell diversity arises in embryonic development
All humans have a diverse set of blood stem cell types that help govern overall health. As people age, they tend to lose this diversity, increasing their risk for blood cancers, cardiovascular disease and all-causes death. Yale School of Medicine…
“Well-being index” predicts population cardiovascular risk
Well-being index (WBI) is a comprehensive measure of an individual’s satisfaction with their career, social and community relationships, finances and health. Researchers compared results from a Gallup national WBI survey to CDC cardiac death data, and found a nearly 14%…
Immune system changes behavior to promote allergen avoidance
The immune system plays a key role in changing our behaviors in response to environmental dangers, a new Yale School of Medicine study finds. Researchers found ova-allergic mice lost their avoidance behavior to the egg protein when Immunoglobulin E antibodies,…
Collection of Articles Reports Advances in Building Cellular Organization Maps of the Human Body
A set of nine scientific papers was released today in the Nature family of journals and the journal Cell Reports describing breakthroughs in creating an open framework for scientists to map the individual cells of the human body in two and three dimensions.
A new milestone for flexible magnetic sensors
A group of researchers from Bar-Ilan University and Ben Gurion University has reported a giant leap of more than an order of magnitude improvement in the sensitivity of flexible magneto-resistive sensors.
Safe train transport
Oak Ridge National Laboratory researchers used images from a photo-sharing website to identify crude oil train routes across the nation to provide data that could help transportation planners better understand regional impacts.
Safe train transport
Oak Ridge National Laboratory researchers used images from a photo-sharing website to identify crude oil train routes across the nation to provide data that could help transportation planners better understand regional impacts.
Women scientists transition from mentored to independent research grants at lower rates than men
The transition from mentored to independent research is an important career junction for medical researchers. A new Yale-led study finds that women researchers in the U.S. reach that point at lower rates than men. Researchers found between 1997 and 2021,…
Assessment of Lung Cancer Risk Among Smokers for Whom Annual Screening Is Not Recommended
Abstract Importance: The US Preventive Services Task Force does not recommend annual lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for adults aged 50 to 80 years who are former smokers with 20 or more pack-years of smoking who quit 15…
Faster progression of multiple sclerosis associated with newly identified genetic variant
In a new study of more than 22,000 people with multiple sclerosis (MS), an international team identified for the first time a genetic variant associated with faster progression of the disease and accumulation of disability. Despite the development of effective…
Breakthrough microscopy technique “supersizes” cells to reveal genetic activity
Breakthrough microscopy techniques are helping researchers visualize the ways our molecules interact with the human genome. Researchers at Yale School of Medicine used a series of expandable gels to pull apart a cell and expand it to 4000 times its…
American Journal of Medical Quality supplement explores innovative solutions and insights to current health care challenges
July 11, 2023 What: Health systems are facing tremendous strains as the world emerges from the COVID-19 pandemic. The challenges that health systems are facing include rising labor costs, workforce shortages and high turnover, and higher prices on goods and…
Early COVID-19 pandemic not associated with significant physician turnover
An analysis of Medicare billing has found that physician turnover rates between 2010 and 2020 had both periods of increase and stability, with annual turnover rising from 5.3% to 7.6% (43%), between 2010 and 2018. However, early data covering the first three quarters of 2020 did not show that the early COVID-19 pandemic caused significant physician turnover. The analysis is published in Annals of Internal Medicine.
SCUBA divers with PFO at higher risk for decompression illness than previously thought
A study of a cohort of SCUBA divers has found that the presence of high-risk patent foramen ovale (PFO), or a hole in the heart, was associated with an increased risk of decompression illness (DCI), also commonly known as the bends. The authors recommend that divers with high-risk PFO should consider either refraining from diving or adhering to a conservative diving protocol. The findings are published in Annals of Internal Medicine.