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UrduA modeling study projected that HPV vaccination programs for adults aged 27 to 45 years could benefit subgroups at higher risk for HPV, but overall, the approach is more costly and less effective than vaccinating younger people.
Category: Research Results
Lack of control at work identified as cause for physician burnout and attrition
A cross-sectional survey of U.S. physicians found that limited control over specific aspects of work, including schedule and workload, was associated with burnout and intentions to leave one’s organization.
Alzheimer’s: A New Strategy to Prevent Neurodegeneration
A study led by Università Cattolica at Rome and the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS in Rome, published in the prestigious journal PNAS, has revealed an important mechanism underlying Alzheimer and identified new therapeutic targets.
Data Scientist Fixes His Sights on Speeding Up Drug Discovery
Scientists are using artificial intelligence and powerful computing to sculpt new molecules in an effort to treat disease.
Electrical nerve stimulation eases long COVID pain and fatigue
A wearable electrical nerve stimulation device can provide relief to people experiencing the persistent pain and fatigue linked to long COVID.
Hats Off to NASA’s Webb: Sombrero Galaxy Dazzles in New Image
There’s somewhat of an inside joke in the astronomical community that researchers aren’t the best at naming things. For example, the first star observed by Webb is named HD 84406. Not so catchy. Neither is galaxy cluster MACS0416, a deep field imaged by Webb recently.
There are exceptions to this, though. Think the Hourglass Nebula, the Cigar Galaxy, or the Cat’s Paw Nebula. All named for the objects on Earth that they resemble. The Sombrero Galaxy is aptly named for its likeness to the wide-brimmed hat.
However, it appears the name is not always accurate, as NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope’s look shows. In the mid-infrared, the ‘crown’ of the ‘hat’ is no longer visible, causing the galaxy to take on a much different appearance.
Novel supernova observations grant astronomers a peek into the cosmic past
An international team of researchers has made new observations of an unusual supernova, finding the most metal-poor stellar explosion ever observed.
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Researchers Announce New AI Model for Cell Segmentation and Classification
Researchers at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) announced the creation of a new AI technology called CelloType, a comprehensive model designed to more accurately identify and classify cells in high-content tissue images.
How race impacts patients’ response to cancer immunotherapy
Clinical trials testing cancer immunotherapies significantly under-represented Black patients. So while these treatments have resulted in dramatically improved outcomes for some patients, researchers from the University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center wanted to understand whether that success holds true for patients who are Black.
ASTRO issues update to clinical guideline on radiation therapy for rectal cancer
The American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) issued today an updated clinical guideline for physicians who use radiation therapy to treat patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. This update incorporates new data on patient selection and best practices from several practice-changing clinical trials published since the prior guideline was issued in 2020.
Maintaining Bridge Safer; Digital Sensing-based Monitoring System
Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT) developed a smart monitoring system that applies digital sensing technology to maintain and manage small- and medium-sized aging bridges.
Using sunlight to recycle black plastics
Researchers report in ACS Central Science the ability to leverage one additive in black plastics, with the help of sunlight or white LEDs, to convert black and colored polystyrene waste into reusable starting materials.
Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources Will Increase Price Tag to Decarbonize the Grid
A new study warns that current plans to achieve zero emissions on the grid by 2050 vastly underestimate the required investments in generation and transmission infrastructure. The reason: these plans do not account for climate change’s impacts on water resources. S
Study Reveals New Way to Unlock Blood-Brain Barrier, Potentially Opening Doors to Treat Brain and Nerve Diseases
Researchers at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai have developed an innovative approach—demonstrated in mouse models and isolated human brain tissue—to safely and effectively deliver therapeutics into the brain, providing new possibilities for treating a wide range of neurological and psychiatric diseases.
Developing new polymeric nanomaterials to detect harmful substances in extreme environments
The Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) announced that it has developed a method for synthesizing polymers based on ion-electron mixed conductors through collaborative research with Dr. Jang Ji-soo of KIST’s Center for Electronic Materials Research and Professor Mingjiang Zhong of Yale University in the United States.
Large Study of Diverse US Veterans Adds to Evidence that Moderate Drinking Does Not Protect Against Heart Disease or Diabetes
Moderate alcohol use does not reduce cardiometabolic disease risk among veterans of European, African, or Hispanic ancestry, a new study suggests. The findings add to growing evidence that traditional research methods applied to drinking levels and certain disease outcomes have created illusory and misleading results. Heavy drinking is known to be linked to coronary heart disease (CHD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Traditional observational studies have, however, associated moderate drinking with the lowest risk and abstinence with a moderate risk (the U-curve or J-curve effect). In recent years, the U-curve has been increasingly attributed to confounding errors—when study results are distorted by other factors. In this case, the abstinence category is implicated since it establishes a false equivalence between study participants with widely differing risk factors (lifelong non-drinkers, those who stopped drinking for health or other alcohol-related problems, and those who falsely reporte
New transformer-based AI model enhances precision in rice leaf disease detection
A research team has developed an innovative AI model called AISOA-SSformer that significantly improves the accuracy of detecting rice leaf diseases.
New research unveils strategies to boost maize crop efficiency through optimized light and nitrogen distribution
A research team has identified effective strategies for significantly enhancing maize productivity by optimizing the distribution of leaf area and nitrogen within crop canopies.
For Young Adults Who Use Both Alcohol and Cannabis, Alcohol Use May Trigger Cannabis Cravings Among Men but Not Women
Among young adults who frequently use cannabis, drinking alcohol is linked to intensified cannabis cravings in men and reduced cannabis cravings in women, a novel study suggests. The findings potentially illuminate mechanisms driving the combined use of the two substances and could inform sex-specific approaches to preventing or addressing the resulting harms. Young adults commonly use alcohol and cannabis together (i.e., co-use), and people who use both substances experience more negative consequences—including worse outcomes for alcohol use disorder treatment—than those who use one or the other. Co-use may be partially driven “cross-substance-induced” craving, in which the repeated co-use of two substances prompts one to become a trigger for the other. Research on this effect involving alcohol and cannabis—previously limited to laboratory testing and remote monitoring—has hinted at sex differences in these effects. For the study in Alcohol: Clinical Experimental Research, investigato
Can policy stop the obesity epidemic?
UC Irvine & UC Merced develops first-of-its-kind database of California’s obesity-related legislation to advance the evidence base for public health law and inform future policymaking so that impactful and inclusive solutions can be prioritized.
Psychological therapy offers new hope for young Latino testicular cancer survivors
Pilot intervention looks at ways to bridge gaps in survivorship care, empowering young Latino men to manage distress and reclaim meaningful life goals after cancer treatment.
Black men — including transit workers — are targets for aggression on public transportation, study shows
Black men on buses and trains — whether as passengers or transit workers — face hostile encounters that threaten their sense of safety and well-being, according to a new study by a Keough School of Global Affairs sociologist at the University of Notre Dame. By reinforcing racist tropes that they are dangerous or invisible, these encounters can also erode Black men’s sense of dignity and self-worth.
Alcohol use identified by UTHealth Houston researchers as most common predictor of escalated cannabis vaping among youths in Texas
Alcohol use was the most common predictor of escalating cannabis vaping among youth and young adults, independent of demographic factors, according to research by UTHealth Houston published this month in the journal Social Science & Medicine.
Penn Study Highlights Inconsistencies of Genetic Markers for Predicting Heart Disease
Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) are a cutting-edge tool in genetics, combining information from genetic markers across the genome to estimate a person’s risk of developing certain diseases, such as coronary artery disease (CAD). By analyzing a person’s DNA, PRSs offer insights into an individual’s genetic predisposition for conditions like heart disease, potentially informing a more personalized approach to healthcare. But there can be significant variability across currently available PRSs, which may limit their reliability for individual predictions, according to new research from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania published this week in JAMA and presented at the American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions in Chicago.
New study shows how salmonella tricks gut defenses to cause infection
A study led by UC Davis distinguished professor Andreas Bäumler uncovered how Salmonella, a major cause of food poisoning, can invade the gut despite the presence of protective bacteria.
How ecDNA Fuels Cancer by Breaking the Laws of Biology
How ecDNA Fuels Cancer by Breaking the Laws of Biology
Creating a spatial map of the sea
Creating a spatial map of the sea
Researchers Uncover Achilles Heel of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria
To stem the surging antibiotic resistance public health crisis, scientists seek solutions inside the mechanics of bacterial infection. A new study has found a vulnerability related to magnesium availability. This limitation potentially could be exploited to stop the spread of antibiotic resistance.
New pathways for Alzheimer’s prevention
A new study from the University of Delaware will look at Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and examine how changes in arterial stiffness and brain tissue in midlife adults could contribute to cognitive decline. The study aims to pinpoint early risk factors and explore preventive interventions.
New research sheds light on a surprising connection between COVID-19 and cancer regression
New research sheds light on a surprising connection between COVID-19 and cancer regression
November Research Tip Sheet
Cedars-Sinai has published a summary highlighting its research advances for November 2024.
The return of protectionism: The impact of the Sino-US trade war
This paper reviews the Sino-US trade war, analyzing its background, evolution, and economic consequences on both countries and the global economy. It also explores the reshaping of supply chains and the interplay between trade and industrial policies.
Research finds no significant negative impact of repealing a Depression-era law allowing companies to pay workers with disabilities below minimum wage
Debate continues to swirl nationally on the fate of a practice born of an 86-year-old federal statute allowing companies to pay workers with disabilities subminimum wages: anything below the federal minimum wage of $7.25 an hour, but for some roles as little as 25-cents-per-hour. Those in favor of repealing this statute highlight assumptions about reduced productivity along with the unfairness of this wage level—often used elsewhere to pay, for example, food service workers who typically make additional wages in tips. Those against repeal have voiced concerns that, without subminimum wage laws, employment opportunities for workers with disabilities may dwindle.
Low-frequency magnetic field (LFMF) for enhanced carotenoids production by Rhodotorula glutinis
The researchers verified that a LFMF promoted the inward absorption of iron ions and inhibited iron ion excretion, resulting in an elevated iron ion concentration within the cell. This, in turn, stimulated carotenoid synthesis by R. mucilaginosa.
Glutamine metabolic switch is key to red blood cell development and disease
Scientists at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital identified a link between glutamine metabolism and red blood cell maturation, showing how disruption of the process can drive disease.
International Cancer Organizations Present Collaborative Work During Oncology Event in China
The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) is honored to participate in 2024 CCHIO. NCCN has taken numerous strides in recent years to increase the global accessibility and relevance of NCCN Guidelines as a tool for helping people with cancer to live better lives, including multiple collaborations with leading oncology groups in China.
One or many? Exploring the population groups of the largest animal on Earth
New research shows that Antarctic blue whales are likely a single population, rather than several isolated populations — information that will help conservationists as the whales, the world’s largest animal, try to recover from historic lows due to 20th century whaling.
New Imaging Technique Reveals Detailed Map of Brain’s Blood Flow in 3D
Researchers from the University of Zurich and ETH Zurich have developed an advanced optical microscopy technique that enables the study of the brain’s vascular networks in unprecedented detail and on a large scale.
Breakthrough Idea for CCU Technology Commercialization from ‘Carbon Cycle of the Earth’
The research team led by Dr. Hyung-Suk Oh and Dr. Woong Hee Lee at the Clean Energy Research Center at Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) has developed a silver-silica composite catalyst capable of reversible local pH control through a silica-hydroxide cycle, inspired by Earth’s natural cycles.
Scientists Gain New Insights into How Mass Is Distributed in Hadrons
The trace anomaly is one of the quantities that encodes the energy and momentum of particles built from quarks. Scientists believe the trace anomaly is crucial for keeping quarks bonded in subatomic particles. In this study, scientists calculated the trace anomaly for nucleons and pions. The calculations show that in the pion, the mass distribution is similar to the charge distribution of the neutron and in the nucleon, the mass distribution is similar to the charge distribution of the proton.
Smarter blood tests from MSU researchers deliver faster diagnoses, improved outcomes
MSU researchers now can identify more proteins, or biomarkers, in blood plasma, including those linked to specific diseases like cancer. By identifying these biomarkers earlier, medical researchers can create better diagnostic tests and drugs that target diseases sooner, improving patient outcomes.
Better Typeface = Better Learning?
New Jersey native Caterina Belle Azzarello-Nichols earned an M.A. from the University of Northern Colorado’s Educational Psychology program. Continuing in the program as a doctoral student, she’s conducting research in mathematics readability and student educational dispositions.
E-Cigarette Residue Exposure in Utero Shows Lasting Effects on Immune Response
Results from a new animal study published in the American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology found that maternal exposure to e-cigarette residues, with or without nicotine, affected offspring’s immune response later in life.
Study uncovers first evidence of resistance to standard malaria treatment in African children with severe malaria
An international team of researchers has uncovered evidence of partial resistance to artemisinin derivatives — the primary treatment for malaria — in young children with severe malaria.
Neuro-oncology experts reveal how to use AI to improve brain cancer diagnosis, monitoring, treatment
An international team of neuro-oncology researchers and clinicians has released new recommendations for good clinical practice regarding the use of artificial intelligence methods to more accurately diagnose, monitor and treat brain cancer.
Editorial Warns of Heart Disease Risks Associated with Yo-Yo Dieting
A new editorial – published in Nature – suggests that frequent fluctuations in diet, commonly known as “yo-yo dieting,” can significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. The authors, from the University of Pennsylvania Schools of Nursing and Medicine, describe how cycling between high-fat and low-fat diets in mice led to a substantial acceleration of atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by the buildup of plaque in arteries.
Shark attacks: New treatment protocol could mean difference between life and death for victims
As shark attacks rise globally – increasing 23% in the past 20 years – the healthcare system is struggling to provide the necessary care for victims, many of whom suffer life-threatening injuries and long-term psychological impacts. But now, a groundbreaking…
New drug targets for Alzheimer’s identified from cerebrospinal fluid
Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have linked disease-related proteins and genes to identify specific cellular pathways responsible for Alzheimer’s genesis and progression. The proteins were gathered from cerebrospinal fluid and are a good proxy for activity in the brain. Several of them may be potential targets for therapies.
Research concentrates on genes that cause tumors in the Meibomian gland
Tufts University researcher dedicated to finding treatments for cancer by researching tumors that develop in Meibomian glands, the specialized oil-secreting glands of the eyelid.
Scientists discover ‘entirely unanticipated’ role of protein netrin1 in spinal cord development
UCLA researchers have uncovered a surprising new role for netrin1, a crucial protein in neural development, as a regulator that limits bone morphogenetic protein signaling in the developing spinal cord.