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UrduA new review published ahead of print in the journal Function looks at methods used to improve the structure and function of bioengineered kidneys. Bioengineered kidneys—from biological and synthetic materials—can increase the number of organs available to people in need…
Category: Research Alert
Gut Protein + ACE2 Form Functional Unit, Explains COVID-19 Gastrointestinal Symptoms
Research published ahead of print in the journal Function suggests the relationship between angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter B(0)AT1, a protein found in the intestines, form a physiological “functional unit.” ACE2, an enzyme…
Perspective—Application-Driven Industrial-Scale Manufacturing of Li/Na-Ion Battery Cathodes: Current Status and Future Perspective
A comprehensive understanding of lithium-ion batteries became an essential aspect of solid-state electrochemical research due to their coalescence with routine. While it exhilarates us with increase in productivity of LIBs due to the emergence of Ni-rich cathode materials, the scope…
Editors’ Choice—Examining Performance and Durability of Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells with Novel Spirocyclic Anion Exchange Membranes
A series of spirocyclic copolymer membranes with varying ion exchange capacities (IECs) were investigated to probe the impact of polymer properties on in situ fuel cell performance and stability. In-situ electrochemical tests and post-mortem electron microscopy analysis of cross-sectioned membrane…
Editors’ Choice—Quantifying the Impact of Charge Transport Bottlenecks in Composite Cathodes of All-Solid-State Batteries
All-solid-state lithium batteries have the potential to provide increased energy and power density compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries with a liquid electrolyte. The charge transport within solid electrolyte-based composite cathodes determines the C-rate capability and ultimately the overall performance of…
Bird data from Ethiopia fills in baseline data gaps
The study establishes baseline observations for tropical birds in East Africa, filling in an important data gap for monitoring biodiversity and tropical ecosystem health in a warming world.
Greening the Earth and Improving Health through Human-Powered Transport
Driving has become a way of life for people throughout the world. However, heavy reliance on gas-powered vehicles contributes to three problems (global climate change, air pollution and physical inactivity) that result in millions of deaths per year. As developing…
Overlapping Genetic Influences on Alcohol Consumption and Dependence
UC San Diego School of Medicine researchers found that a common measure of alcohol consumption — asking “how often do you have an alcoholic drink?” — is susceptible to bias, and has led to incorrect conclusions about biological influences on…
Student engagement declines in STEM undergraduates during COVID-19-driven remote learning
Research led by Kris Callis-Duehl, PhD, Director of Education Research and Outreach at the Donald Danforth Plant Science Center asked how has the shift to online classes during the pandemic impacted STEM student’s engagement in class? The team detected an…
Can the Gut Cope with Night Exercise?
Gut issues are common with endurance exercise, ranging from mild discomfort to severe debilitating symptoms warranting reduced exercise workload or even cessation from activity. Considering the recent exponential growth of nighttime endurance and ultra-endurance events, athletes anecdotally report having more…
Train the Brain: How Stroboscopic Training Speeds Up the Brain’s Visual System
The brain’s visual system is a crucial performance determinant in elite sports. To reach a high level, athletes must rapidly transfer visual information into movement (i.e., fast reaction time). Consequently, this raises the question – how can we train the…
Novel Approach Offers Better Understanding of Age-related Muscle Fibrosis
Rockville, Md. (May 13, 2021)—Researchers from the Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF) have found a new way to successfully use a stable isotope of water to learn how fibrosis—scarring or hardening—develops in muscle with age. The new approach revealed a…
Using Blood to Combat Age-related Muscle Loss
Article title: The effect of young and old ex vivo human serum on cellular protein synthesis and growth in an in vitro model of ageing Authors: Sophie L. Allen, Ryan N. Marshall, Sophie J. Edwards, Janet M. Lord, Gareth G.…
Researchers Delve into Egg Physiology and Female Fertility in New Study
Article title: Essential shared and species-specific features of mammalian oocyte maturation-associated transcriptome changes impacting oocyte physiology Authors: Peter Z. Schall and Keith E. Latham From the authors: “The finding that such differences exist in maternal mRNA regulation during oocyte maturation…
First Peek at RNA Binding and Translation in Single Cells May Inform Drug and Vaccine Design
UC San Diego School of Medicine researchers have developed a new approach — called Surveying Targets by APOBEC-Mediated Profiling (STAMP) — to measure what has until now been largely invisible: how RNA-binding proteins and ribosomes interact with RNA molecules within…
By age 10, retinoblastoma patients’ learning and life skills rebound
St. Jude retinoblastoma researchers studied how survivors fared years later at home and at school.
Study: COVID-19 home monitoring program decreased hospitalizations
CLEVELAND: Cleveland Clinic researchers found that participation in a home monitoring program for patients with COVID-19 was associated with lower incidence of hospitalization. They published the findings May 6 in JAMA Health Forum. Cleveland Clinic’s home monitoring program, established in…
The Role of Time in Risk and Risk Analysis: Implications for Resilience, Sustainability, and Management
When conducting a risk analysis, it is critical to clearly address the time frames. Consider the consequences of a hurricane: does your risk assessment consider indirect effects over a few years or just immediate ones? It can make a large…
Study IDs New Potential Therapeutic Targets to Protect against Muscle Atrophy
Article title: Phosphorylation of ERK and dystrophin S3059 protect against inflammation-associated C2C12 myotube atrophy Authors: Kristy Swiderski, Christopher J. Brock, Jennifer Trieu, Annabel Chee, Savant S. Thakur, Dale M. Baum, Paul Gregorevic, Kate T. Murphy, Gordon S. Lynch From the…
Study Explores Mitochondrial Resilience in Adult Heart after Ablation
Article title: Mitochondrial functional resilience after TFAM ablation in the adult heart Authors: Nasab Ghazal, Jessica N. Peoples, Tahmina A. Mohiuddin, Jennifer Q. Kwong From the authors: “Our study highlights the need to delineate mitochondrial maintenance pathways in both developing…
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Impairs Artery Function in GI Tract
Article title: Role of perivascular nerve and sensory neurotransmitter dysfunction in inflammatory bowel disease Authors: Charles E. Norton, Elizabeth A. Grunz-Borgmann, Marcia L. Hart, Benjamin W. Jones, Craig L. Franklin, Erika M. Boerman From the authors: “Our study is the…
Low Oxygen at Birth Delays Heart Development in Mouse Model of Congenital Heart Disease
Article title: Chronic perinatal hypoxia delays cardiac maturation in a mouse model for cyanotic congenital heart disease Authors: Jennifer Romanowicz, Devon Guerrelli, Zaenab Dhari, Colm Mulvany, Marissa Reilly, Luther Swift, Nimisha Vasandani, Manelle Ramadan, Linda Leatherbury, Nobuyuki Ishibashi, Nikki Gillum…
Mouse Study Suggests Androgens and Their Receptors Play Important and Positive Role in Asthma
Article title: Androgen receptor activation alleviates airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation and remodeling in a murine model of asthma Authors: Rama Satyanarayana Raju Kalidhindi, Nilesh Sudhakar Ambhore, Premanand Balraj, Taylor Schmidt, M. Nadeem Khan, Venkatachalem Sathish From the authors: “Overall, our findings from…
Blocking Cell Death Protein Reduces COPD-associated Inflammation, Lung Damage
Article title: Blockade of PD-1 decreases neutrophilic inflammation and lung damage in experimental COPD Authors Felix Ritzmann, Kai Borchardt, Giovanna Vella, Praneeth Chitirala, Adrian Angenendt, Christian Herr, Michael D. Menger, Markus Hoth, Annette Lis, Rainer M Bohle, Robert Bals, Christoph…
Assessing the Outbreak Risk of Epidemics Using Fuzzy Evidential Reasoning
While epidemic diseases (EDs) continue to pose a challenging risk that endangers public health, they tend to attract little attention regarding risk assessment in the current literature. Tackling ED risks becomes complicated when the needed advanced techniques designed to assess…
Study on Blood Clots After Janssen/Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 Vaccination
US Case Reports of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis With Thrombocytopenia After Ad26.COV2.S Vaccination, March 2 to April 21, 2021 Key Points Question What were the clinical characteristics of the first US patients reported to have cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) with…
Insights about the Genetic Basis for Concussion
Despite significant advances in treatment, sports-related concussion continues to plague athletes. Part of the reason for this is that the biological basis of concussion is poorly understood. Genetics play a key role in the biology underlying concussion. In this study,…
Does a Ketogenic Diet Impair Athletic Performance?
A low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) or “ketogenic” diet has grown in popularity due to its ability to increase the rate of fat burning during exercise. For elite athletes this comes at the expense of athletic performance. The LCHF diet also increases…
Lifestyle Interventions to Reduce Blood Sugar: Don’t Forget Resistance Exercise
In the past 30 years, prediabetes (elevated fasting or post-meal blood sugar below the levels required for diagnosis of type 2 diabetes) has grown into a major epidemic affecting nearly one in three adults. Previous studies have shown that combining…
Get Off the Couch! Replacing Sedentary Time with Physical Activity or Sleep Improves Heart Health
National and international guidelines recommend replacing the amount of time spent being sedentary with physical activity to improve health. This message is especially important in the face of COVID-19, as overall sedentary behaviors have increased substantially. In fact, research suggests…
Editors’ Choice—Dealloying-Driven Cerium Precipitation on Intermetallic Particles in Aerospace Aluminium Alloys
Cerium-based compounds have been studied for decades as non-toxic candidates for the protection of aerospace aluminium alloys (AAs) like AA2024-T3. However, the complex heterogeneous microstructure of these alloys has hindered a thorough understanding of the subsequent stages of corrosion protection…
Brain Organoids Help Illuminate and Test Treatments for Rare Form of Epilepsy
Animal models don’t consistently recapitulate human CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD), a rare form of epilepsy. Using personalized brain organoids — “mini-brains” in a lab dish derived from stem cells of patients deficient in CDKL5 protein — researchers at UC San…
Removal of Certain Gut Bacteria Leads to Weight Gain
Rockville, Md. (April 22, 2021)—Researchers from the Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW) report in new research that gut bacteria burn a significant percentage of calories from food that we ingest. Those calories then get absorbed and converted to adipose (fat)…
Research Results: Double Masking During the COVID-19 Pandemic
EPA, along with their co-authors at UNC, recently published an article titled “Fitted Filtration Efficiency of Double Masking During the COVID-19 Pandemic.”
Assessing Impacts of Green Infrastructure on Groundwater Quality
Green infrastructure reduces stress on wastewater systems, decreases sewer overflows, and improves watershed health–but how does it impact groundwater quality? EPA recently completed a comprehensive multi-year study to find out. The data collected can be used by state and local…
Research Update: Cleaning & Disinfecting PPE for Reuse
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an unprecedented disruption in supply chains across multiple sectors including the shortage of critical personal protective equipment (PPE). In addition to hand washing and social distancing, various PPE items are used to prevent contact with…
What just happened to my residency? The effects of COVID-19 on colorectal surgical training
Dr. Alexandra B. Columbus and coauthors from the Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery at Lahey Hospital and Medical Center in Burlingon, Massachusetts, wrote a Viewpoint in the May 2021 issue of Diseases of the Colon and Rectum reporting the…
Do you know cancer when you see it?
Do you know cancer when you see it? Not everything you think may be cancer on final pathology. Read more in this month’s issue of DISEASES OF THE COLON AND RECTUM. “All surgeons must assess what is malignant and what…
Multihazards Scenario Generator: A Network‐Based Simulation of Natural Disasters
As the impact of natural disasters increases over the years, there are still few studies that quantify the dynamic interactions that characterize multihazard events. Without considering the dynamic complexity of natural catastrophes, impact assessments underestimate risk and misinform emergency management…
Discovery of New Element in Class of Enzymes Informs Cancer Drug Design
The enzyme mTORC2 has been an enigmatic regulator of other enzymes (kinases) such as Protein Kinase C (PKC) and Akt. Now researchers at University of California San Diego School of Medicine have solved the mystery to what mTORC2 does, opening avenues to…
Editors’ Choice—Power-Generating Electrochemical CO2 Scrubbing from Air Enabling Practical AEMFC Application
Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) have been widely touted as a low-cost alternative to existing proton exchange membrane fuel cells. However, AEMFCs operating on air suffer from a severe performance penalty caused by carbonation from exposure to CO2. Many…
Study Identifies Similar Problems Prior to Nurse Suicide
In a new national study from UC San Diego Health, researchers found that nurses who lose a nursing position or leave the profession because of substance use, mental health issues, or chronic pain are at an increased risk for death…
Impaired Potassium Channels Cause Vascular Problems in Traumatic Brain Injury
New research published ahead of print in the journal Function finds that traumatic brain injury (TBI) disrupts inward-rectifier potassium channel function to cause system-wide vascular dysfunction. Inward-rectifier potassium channels play an important role in blood flow and relies on phosphatidylinositol…
Editors’ Choice—Ionomer Side Chain Length and Equivalent Weight Impact on High Current Density Transport Resistances in PEMFC Cathodes
Cell voltage at high current densities (HCD) of an operating proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) suffers from losses due to the local-O2 and bulk-H+ transport resistances in the cathode catalyst layer (CCL). Particularly, the interaction of perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomer with the…
New Research First to Link Sinus Inflammation with Brain Changes
In a new study published in JAMA Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery on April 8, 2021, researchers have identified certain cognitive symptoms linked to sinusitis. Common complaints of people who have chronic sinusitis includes the inability to focus, depression, and other…
Editors’ Choice—A Miniaturized Enzymatic Biosensor for Detection of Sensory-Evoked D-serine Release in the Brain
D-serine has been implicated as a brain messenger with central roles in neural signaling and plasticity. Disrupted levels of D-serine in the brain have been associated with neurological disorders, including schizophrenia, depression and Alzheimer’s disease. Electrochemical biosensors are attractive tools…
First results from Fermilab’s Muon g-2 experiment strengthen evidence of new physics
The long-awaited first results from the Muon g-2 experiment at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory show fundamental particles called muons behaving in a way that is not predicted by scientists’ best theory, the Standard Model of…
Mount Sinai researchers discover multiple types of DNA methylation from individual bacteria and microbiome using nanopore sequencing
MEDIA ADVISORY – UNDER EMBARGO UNTIL Monday, April 5 at 11:00 AM EST Journal Name: Nature Methods Title of the Article: Discovering multiple types of DNA methylation from individual bacteria and microbiome using nanopore sequencing Corresponding Author: Gang Fang, PhD…
Research examines market design to accelerate COVID-19 vaccine supply
Each month, COVID-19 kills hundreds of thousands of people, reduces global gross domestic product (GDP) by hundreds of billions of dollars, and generates large, accumulating losses to human capital by harming education and health. Achieving widespread immunization 1 month faster…
Researchers Use Two-photon Microscopy, Optical Coherence Tomography to View Age-related Blood-brain Barrier Changes
Article title: Demonstration of age-related blood-brain barrier disruption and cerebromicrovascular rarefaction in mice by two-photon microscopy and optical coherence tomography Authors: Ádám Nyúl-Tóth, Stefano Tarantini, Jordan Delfavero, Feng Yan, Priya Balasubramanian, Andriy Yabluchanskiy, Chetan Ahire, Tamas Kiss, Tamas Csipo, Agnes…