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UrduAt particle accelerator facilities around the world, scientists rely on powerful X-rays to reveal the structure and behavior of atoms and molecules. Now, researchers from the Department of Energy’s SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory have calculated how to make X-ray pulses at X-ray free-electron lasers (XFEL) even brighter and more reliable by building a special cavity chamber and diamond mirrors around an XFEL.
Month: August 2023
Correlation between neutron pairs observed in helium-8 nuclei
Atomic nuclei consist of nucleons such as protons and neutrons, which are bound together by nuclear force or strong interaction. This force allows protons and neutrons to form bound states; however, when only two neutrons are involved, the attractive force is slightly insufficient to create such a state.
Abortion facility access means long drives for 41.8% of women
One year after the Dobbs decision, 41.8% of U.S. women of reproductive age have to drive 30 minutes or more to reach an abortion care facility, according to a study of data as of June 2, 2023. Researchers predicted that number would rise to 53.5% if other state bills under consideration are passed.
Many people feel their jobs are pointless
A sociological study by the University of Zurich confirms that a considerable proportion of employees perceive their work as socially useless. Employees in financial, sales and management occupations are more likely to conclude that their jobs are of little use to society.
Better training for the brain: FAMU-FSU College of Engineering dean to develop surgical simulator that sparks learning
Suvranu De, dean of the FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, is building a better simulator — one that uses brain stimulation to improve learning for physicians undergoing training for robotic surgeries for oral cancers.
Novel molecules fight viruses by bursting their bubble-like membranes
Antiviral therapies are notoriously difficult to develop, as viruses can quickly mutate to become resistant to drugs. But what if a new generation of antivirals ignores the fast-mutating proteins on the surface of viruses and instead disrupts their protective layers?
Cal Poly study analyzes nearshore California marine heatwaves and cold spells amid changing climate conditions
The first-ever study to look at drivers of both marine heatwaves and cold spells in the shallow nearshore along the California Current.
Quantifying Coal Burst Risks: An Energy-Based Approach to Understanding Geological and Mining Domain Impacts
Catastrophic dynamic rock failure (rockburst) is one of the most challenging problems existing in the fields of civil tunnelling and mining. The outcomes of this study advance the understanding of rockburst in the industry, by defining the magnitude of energy that is required to cause a burst in a given geotechnical and mining domain and its release mechanisms.
Effects of Formulated Diets on Muscle Quality and Fiber Characteristics of Largemouth Bass
This study provided the first demonstration that replacing forage fish with formulated diets could increase the amino acid content and alter the muscle fiber features in the muscle of largemouth bass. The experimental results shed light on the molecular basis of how formulated diets affect muscle characters, and lay the ground-work for future nutritional regulation and genetic improvements in the meat quality of largemouth bass.
Scientists discover unusual ultrafast motion in layered magnetic materials
A team of researchers report a mechanical response across a layered magnetic material tied to changing its electron spin. This response could have important applications in nanodevices requiring ultra-precise and fast motion control.
Convergence of Brain-Inspired AI and AGI: Exploring the Path to Intelligent Synergy
In this study, researchers provide a comprehensive overview of brain-inspired artificial intelligence (AI) from the perspective of artificial general intelligence (AGI). The investigation covers essential characteristics shared by human intelligence and AGI, vital technologies for achieving AGI, the evolution of AGI system from algorithmic and infrastructural perspectives, and AGI’s limitations and future prospects. This illuminating research deepens our understanding of brain-inspired AI and its profound implications for AGI.
Consumer Psychology Expert Discusses Barbie’s Brand Relevance
A New York Institute of Technology consumer psychology expert discusses Barbie’s brand relevance.
Optimizing Low-Protein Diets in Broiler Chickens: The Role of Grain Type and Dietary Arginine to Lysine Ratio
The results of the study demonstrated that sorghum is a more suitable feed grain than wheat in low-protein broiler diets and increasing dietary arginine to lysine ratios improved growth performance in low-protein diets based on sorghum.
New study: Political animosity is global
A new study by an interdisciplinary team of researchers across six different countries found that affective polarization, or the tendency to dislike people who belong to opposing political parties while favoring people from their own political party, is a global bias — not just an American one. The research further indicates that the dislike grows stronger when two people think about political issues the same way but come away with different beliefs about those issues.
UIC leads field study on home, water safety after Ohio chemical spill
A multi-university study will investigate the aftermath of the train derailment and subsequent chemical spill and fires in East Palestine, Ohio, to gain a better understanding of the impact that this event had on the community.
MD Anderson Research Highlights for August 2, 2023
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center’s Research Highlights showcases the latest breakthroughs in cancer care, research and prevention. These advances are made possible through seamless collaboration between MD Anderson’s world-leading clinicians and scientists, bringing discoveries from the lab to the clinic and back.
Recent developments include a novel biomarker that may predict the aggressiveness of pancreatic cancer precursors, insights into the structure and function of a breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene, a new approach to overcoming treatment resistance in ovarian cancer, distinguishing features of young-onset rectal cancer, a biomarker and potential target for metastatic lung cancer, machine learning models to better predict outcomes of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and a promising therapy for patients with relapsed/refractory MCL.
Potential Alzheimer’s treatment would use high-frequency terahertz radiation
Accumulation and deposition of amyloid can cause a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. The degradation of this accumulation is the most widely accepted therapeutic strategy. The study on amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers in vitro found that high-frequency terahertz (THz) wave at a specific frequency could be served as a physical, efficient, nonthermal denaturation way to delay the fibrotic process with a speed of 80 per cent.
Penn State Health Children’s Hospital, Penn State College of Medicine bring international research consortium to Hershey to strengthen their fight against childhood cancer
Penn State Health and Penn State College of Medicine are strengthening their commitment to curing childhood cancer by bringing Dr. Giselle Saulnier Sholler, an internationally known physician-scientist, and her research consortium to Hershey.
Cuidados en crisis funcionales: “Aislados, solos, indefensos”
Las personas con convulsiones funcionales enfrentan estigma, estrés y cargas emocionales y financieras, al igual que sus cuidadores. Mientras cuidan a sus seres queridos, algunos cuidadores pueden desarrollar altos niveles de depresión y ansiedad.
Genetic variant linked to lower levels of HIV virus in people of African ancestry
An international team of researchers has found a genetic variant that may explain why some people of African ancestry have naturally lower viral loads of HIV, reducing their risk of transmitting the virus and slowing progress of their own illness.
Fact-checking can influence recommender algorithms
In January 2017, Reddit users read about an alleged case of terrorism in a Spanish supermarket. What they didn’t know was that nearly every detail of the stories, taken from several tabloid publications and amplified by Reddit’s popularity algorithms, was false. Now, Cornell University research has shown that urging individuals to actively participate in the news they consume can reduce the spread of these kinds of falsehoods.
UWF’s Florida Public Archaeology Network awarded $99,968 grant from NOAA’s NERRS Science Collaborative
Florida Public Archaeology Network, a program of #UWF, has received a $99,968 grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Estuarine Research Reserve System Science Collaborative.
Eagleton Institute of Politics Experts Available to Discuss Donald Trump’s Third Indictment
John Farmer, director of the Eagleton Institute of Politics at Rutgers University, Ashley Koning, director of the Eagleton Center for Public Interest Polling, and Robert Kaufman, a distinguished professor of political science at the Rutgers School of Arts and Sciences,…
Matia Mobility and Tamm Net Launch Online Portal for Insurance Prior Authorization Submissions
Matia Mobility, a leading provider of innovative mobility solutions, today announced the launch of a pioneering online portal for the submission of pre-authorization requests to insurance companies for the Tek RMD M1, the revolutionary electric standing mobility platform.
George Washington University Launches Medicaid Workforce Tracker
To improve access to high-quality Medicaid services, experts must first locate the gaps in healthcare providers available to patients who rely on this health insurance. Researchers at the George Washington University today launched an interactive online tracking system that identifies states and counties in the United States that suffer from a shortage of primary care providers who see Medicaid patients.
NUS scientists develop a new class of artificial water channels for more efficient industrial water purification
Scientists from the National University of Singapore have successfully synthesised a special protein-mimic that can self-assemble into a pore structure. When incorporated into a lipid membrane, the pores permit selective transport of water across the membrane while rejecting salt (ions).
Researchers discover evolutionary evidence in ultra marathon runners
The brains of ultra-marathon runners taking part in gruelling long-distance races may hold clues about our evolutionary past, a new study has found.
Studying the Blood Transcriptome May Improve Understanding of Variability in Exercise Response
Article title: Novel whole blood transcriptome signatures of changes in maximal aerobic capacity in response to endurance exercise training in healthy women Authors: Thomas J. LaRocca, Meghan E. Smith, Kaitlin A. Freeberg, Daniel H. Craighead, Timothy Helmuth, Matthew M. Robinson,…
Researchers Study Changes in Brain’s Gray Matter Over Time, between Sexes
Article title: Changes of cortical gray matter volume during development: a Human Connectome Project study Authors: Peka Christova and Apostolos P. Georgopoulos From the authors: “The rates of volume reduction with age did not differ significantly between the two sexes,…
Study Explores Role of Wnt Signaling Pathway in Gastric Cells
Article title: Differential sensitivity to Wnt signaling gradients in human gastric organoids derived from corpus and antrum Authors: Kevin P. McGowan, Elizabeth Delgado, Elise S. Hibdon, Linda C. Samuelson From the authors: “[Our] study highlights the key role Wnt signaling…
Excess Testosterone Can Lead to Increased Cardiovascular Risks in People with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Article title: Testosterone-associated blood pressure dysregulation in women with androgen excess polycystic ovary syndrome Authors: Tori Stone, Licy L. Yanes Cardozo, Toni N. Oluwatade, Cheryl A. Leone, Melanie Burgos, Faith Okifo, Lubna Pal, Jane F. Reckelhoff, Nina. S. Stachenfeld From…
Food Temperature Linked to Taste Bud Nerve Activity
Article title: Effects of temperature on action potentials and ion conductances in type II taste-bud cells Authors: Zhongming Ma, Usha Paudel, J. Kevin Foskett From the authors: “Here we show that the electrical activity of type II taste-bud cells that…
Enzyme in T Cells Worsens Salt-sensitive Hypertension and Related Kidney Damage
Article title: Functional NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) in T cells amplifies salt-sensitive hypertension and associated renal damage Authors: Samuel D. Walton, John Henry Dasinger, Emily C. Burns, Mary Cherian-Shaw, Justine M. Abais-Battad, David L. Mattson From the authors: “The results…
Researchers Use Raman Microspectroscopy to Learn about Cardiomyopathy Mechanisms
Article title: Exploring the relationship between epigenetic DNA methylation and cardiac fibrosis through Raman microspectroscopy Authors: Lucas Becker, Ivonne A. Montes-Mojarro, Shannon Lee Layland, Ali Nsair, Falko Fend, Julia Marzi, Katja Schenke-Layland From the authors: “In this study, we used…
Mimicking the body’s own defenses to destroy enveloped viruses
Viruses often mutate or hide themselves within cells. But by mimicking the way the immune system naturally deals with invaders, researchers reporting in ACS Infectious Diseases have developed a “peptoid” antiviral therapy that effectively inactivates three viruses in lab tests.
Power Plant Failure Will Immobilize Electric Vehicles and Medical Services Will Collapse, Warns Dr. Leslie Norins
The often-ignored downside to having all vehicles become electric-powered is that medical services will collapse if the central power plant becomes inoperative.
Extroverts More Likely to Resist Vaccines, Study Shows
Which types of personalities were more hesitant about COVID-19 vaccination during the pandemic’s peak? Extroverts — according to a new study on more than 40,000 Canadians.
Scientists View the “Transition State” of a Photochemical Reaction in Real-Time
Researchers used ultrafast electron diffraction to image the structure of the pericyclic minimum, the “transition state” of electrocyclic reactions.
Being proactive alone is not a shortcut to good leadership
New research from the University of Adelaide demonstrates that being proactive could earn an individual a leadership position, but merely being proactive alone does not make for a good leader. Individuals must be aware of their own leadership competencies to avoid the traps of the Peter Principle, which acknowledges that employees tend to be promoted to leadership positions based on their past performance as employees, not their competence in leading.
Department of Energy User Facility Launches Platform for Analyzing Biological and Environmental Research Data
The Department of Energy’s Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) has launched the Data Transformations Integrated Research Platform to help researchers transform their scientific data into more manageable sets of information, improve data accessibility and reproducibility, and facilitate the creation of models and visualization tools that help tell a larger story from the data.
Multicyclic molecular wheels with polymer potential
Molecules that act as connected wheels can hold long molecular chains together to modify the properties of soft polymers.
Early-Stage Cancer Diagnoses Decreased Sharply in the U.S. During First Year of COVID-19 Pandemic; Underserved Greatly Affected
A new study from researchers at the American Cancer Society found monthly adult cancer diagnoses decreased by half in April 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. The largest decrease was for stage I cancers, resulting in a higher proportion of late-stage diagnoses.
Illegal shooting kills most birds found dead near power lines
Birds can be electrocuted if they come into contact with two energized parts of a power line at once—which can happen when they spread their wings to take off from or land on a power pole.
Sex pheromone of moths is a precise mix of ingredients
Researchers from the UvA and North Carolina State University have identified the specific mixture of pheromone chemicals that male moths use during courtship.
Three doses of COVID-19 vaccine leads to catch-up antibody responses among the particularly vulnerable
Even vulnerable people, who are at risk of severe Covid-19, achieved good antibody levels after three doses of mRNA vaccine.
Tip Sheet: Talking about pain with your doctor, the microbiome and graft-vs.-host disease, and RNA’s role in prostate cancer
Below are summaries of recent Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center research findings and other news. Reporting on wildfire smoke? Fred Hutch clinicians and researchers are available to their expertise. Dr. Trang VoPham is an epidemiologist focusing on environmental exposures and risk, follow her on social media.
Links between attention and conscious perception highlighted in frontoparietal networks
Almost half of patients who experienced a stroke in the right cerebral hemisphere later develop a very unusual symptom: they lose the ability to perceive what is happening in the left side of space.
Nevro Reports Second Quarter 2023 Financial Results, Provides Third Quarter Guidance and Updates Full-Year 2023 Guidance
Nevro Corp. (NYSE: NVRO), a global medical device company that is delivering comprehensive, life-changing solutions for the treatment of chronic pain, today reported its second quarter 2023 financial results. The company also provided third quarter guidance and updated its full-year 2023 guidance.
Amygdala Neurosciences Awarded $2.0 million NIH Grant to Conduct IND Enabling Studies
ANS-858, a new selective ALDH2 Inhibitor in pre-clinical development to reduce craving and relapse for patients being treated for alcohol and other substance use disorders.
UAH researcher to study life expectancy inequities in Alabama through $25K Johns Hopkins Bloomberg American Health Initiatives grant
Dr. Azita Amiri, an associate professor with the College of Nursing at the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH), a part of the University of Alabama System, has been awarded a $25,000 Network of Practice Grant by the Bloomberg American Health Initiatives, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, to examine life expectancy inequities in Alabama.