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UrduData from 500 young stars observed with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submilliter Array (ALMA) is giving scientists a window back through time, allowing them to predict what exoplanetary systems looked like through each stage of their formation. And it all starts with a link between higher mass stars, disks with gaps in them, and a high occurrence of observed exoplanets.
Category: Research Results
Mining precious rare-earth elements from coal fly ash with a reusable ionic liquid
Researchers in ACS’ Environmental Science & Technology report a simple method for recovering these elements from coal fly ash using an ionic liquid.
A novel energy storage solution featuring pipes and anchors
What do pipes and anchors have to do with storing energy? More than you might think! A new IIASA-led study explored the potential of a lesser known, but promising sustainable energy storage system called Buoyancy Energy Storage.
New Research Reveals Remarkable Resilience of Sea Life in the Aftermath of Mass Extinctions
Pioneering research has shown marine ecosystems can start working again, providing important functions for humans, after being wiped out much sooner than their return to peak biodiversity.
Scientists obtain magnetic nanopowder for 6G technology
Material scientists have developed a fast method for producing epsilon iron oxide and demonstrated its promise for next-generation communications devices. Its outstanding magnetic properties make it one of the most coveted materials, such as for the upcoming 6G generation of communication devices and for durable magnetic recording. The work was published in the Journal of Materials Chemistry C, a journal of the Royal Society of Chemistry.
How does the one-humped Arabian camel survive without drinking?
Research led by scientists at the University of Bristol has shed new light on how the kidneys of the one-humped Arabian camel play an important role in helping it to cope with extremes.
Recycling of the Eye’s Light Sensors Is Faulty in Progressive Blindness of Older Adults
With the National Eye Institute reporting that about 11 million older adults in the U.S. endure a condition that leads to progressive blindness, known as age-related macular degeneration, University of Maryland School of Medicine (UMSOM) researchers are starting to understand what goes wrong in the disease, in order to develop new therapies to treat it.
Asian elephants do more than just trumpet- they buzz their lips to squeak
Communication is crucial for elephants that live in complex multi-tiered social systems. Apart from their iconic trumpets uttered through the trunk, Asian elephants also produce species-specific squeaks by buzzing their lips. This demonstrates once again the elephant’s flexibility in sound production.
Colon cancer patients in the Military Health System have significantly better survival, compared to general population
Colon cancer patients in the U.S. military’s universal health care system, in which care is provided with little to no financial barriers, have significantly better survival compared to the general population, which does not have the same universal access to care, according to a study published July 1 by researchers at the Uniformed Services University’s (USU) Murtha Cancer Center Research Program (MCCRP). The improved survival also appeared to benefit black more than white patients, suggesting the importance of reducing financial barriers to care for colon cancer, especially among black cancer patients.
Teachers want to encourage children to take a public stand against climate change
More than half of teachers in England are in favour of teaching children to take direct action against climate change and break the rules to make their point, according to a new survey.
How to Make Lithium-ion Batteries Invincible
Berkeley Lab scientists have made significant progress in developing battery cathodes using a new class of materials that provide batteries with the same if not higher energy density than conventional lithium-ion batteries but can be made of inexpensive and abundant metals. Known as DRX, which stands for disordered rocksalts with excess lithium, this novel family of materials was invented less than 10 years ago and allows cathodes to be made without nickel or cobalt.
باحثو مايو كلينك يستكشفون طريقة تراعي الحالة الفردية للأدوية المضادة للسمنة
تركز مبادرات الطب الفردي بشكل أساسي على الأمراض النادرة أو السرطان. لم يسجل الكثير من المحاولات لإضفاء طابع فردي على علاج الأمراض المزمنة غير المعدية مثل: السُمنة – وهي مرض مزمن متكرر الانتكاس وسبب رئيسي للسكري من النوع الثاني، وأمراض الكبد الدهنية، والأمراض القلبية والوعائية، والسرطان. هناك العديد من تدخلات السمنة، مثل: الأنظمة الغذائية، والأجهزة، والجراحة، والأدوية. مع ذلك، لا يُعرف الكثير عن مؤشرات الاستجابة لتدخلات السُمنة هذه.
Tecnología de inteligencia artificial y ECG puede rápidamente descartar infección por COVID-19
La inteligencia artificial puede ofrecer un manera de determinar con exactitud que una persona no está infectada con la COVID-19. Un estudio internacional y retrospectivo descubrió que la infección por SARS-CoV-2, el virus que causa la COVID-19, provoca sutiles cambios eléctricos en el corazón. Un electrocardiograma (ECG) mediado por inteligencia artificial detecta estos cambios y puede servir como una prueba rápida y confiable para descartar la infección por COVID-19.
Radiologist Characteristics Predict Performance in Screening Mammography
According to a new study, by the Harvey L. Neiman Health Policy Institute and the American College of Radiology’s National Mammography Database Committee, the most influential radiologist characteristics impacting mammography interpretive performance were geography, breast sub-specialization, performance of diagnostic mammography, and performance of diagnostic ultrasound.
Making Our Computers More Secure
Columbia Engineering researchers who are leading experts in computer security recently presented two major papers on memory safety that make computer systems more secure at the International Symposium on Computer Architecture. This new research, which has zero to little effect on system performance, is already being used to create a processor for the Air Force Research Lab.
Research shows similarities in hunters, animal rights advocates
Animal rights advocates and hunters may have more in common than they think when it comes to nature conservancy, according to a newly published study by a Texas A&M AgriLife researcher.
Switching from Western diet to a balanced diet may reduce skin, joint inflammation
Diet rich in sugar and fat leads to disruption in the gut’s microbial culture and contributes to inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis. Research shows that switching to a more balanced diet restores the gut’s health and suppresses inflammation.
Study finds most common protein in blood is instrumental in enabling human fertilization and fighting infection
A new University of California, Irvine-led study reveals albumin (Alb), among the most abundant proteins in the body, activates a proton channel (hHv1), also widespread in the body, giving sperm the ability to penetrate and fertilize an egg, and allowing white blood cells to secrete large amounts of inflammatory mediators to fight infection.
Self-assembly of stimuli-responsive coiled-coil fibrous hydrogels
Jin Kim Montclare, professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering led a team who previously reported a responsive hydrogel formed using a coiled-coil protein. The team expanded their studies to identify the gelation of Q protein at distinct temperatures and pH conditions.
Political variables carried more weight than healthcare in government response to COVID-19
Political institutions such as the timing of elections and presidentialism had a larger influence on COVID-19 strategies than the institutions organizing national healthcare, according to a research team led by a professor at Binghamton University, State University of New York.
Antelope’s fate shrouded by social, political forces
The story of efforts to conserve the endangered oribi in South Africa represent a diaspora of issues as varied as the people who live there.
Synthetic Tree Enhances Solar Steam Generation for Harvesting Drinking Water
Solar steam generation has emerged as a promising renewable energy technology for water harvesting, desalination, and purification that could benefit people who need it most in remote communities, disaster-relief areas, and developing nations. In Applied Physics Letters, researchers inspired by mangrove trees thriving along coastlines developed a synthetic tree to enhance SSG, replacing capillary action with transpiration, the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from leaves, stems, and flowers.
Tree Pollen Carries SARS-CoV-2 Particles Farther, Facilitates Virus Spread
A study on the role of microscopic particles in virus transmission suggests pollen is nothing to sneeze at. In Physics of Fluids, researchers investigate how pollen facilitates the spread of an RNA virus like the COVID-19 virus. The study draws on cutting-edge computational approaches for analyzing fluid dynamics to mimic the pollen movement from a willow tree, a prototypical pollen emitter. Airborne pollen grains contribute to the spread of airborne viruses, especially in crowded environments.
Julia Programming Language Tackles Differential Equation Challenges
Emerging open-source programming language Julia is designed to be fast and easy to use. Since it is particularly suited for numerical applications, scientists are using it to explore the challenges in transitioning to all-renewable power generation. Decarbonization implies a radical restructuring of power grids, which will become even more complex, so new computational tools are needed. In Chaos, researchers describe a software package they built to enable the simulation of general dynamical systems on complex networks.
First Wave COVID-19 Data Underestimated Pandemic Infections
Two COVID-19 pandemic curves emerged within many cities during the one-year period from March 2020 to March 2021. Oddly, the number of total daily infections reported during the first wave is much lower than that of the second, but the total number of daily deaths reported during the first wave is much higher than the second wave.
New machine learning methods could improve environmental predictions
A team of researchers from the University of Pittsburgh, University of Minnesota, and U.S. Geological Survey A team of researchers from the University of Pittsburgh, University of Minnesota, and U.S. Geological Survey have developed a new machine learning technique that could improve environmental predictions.
Self-reported declines in cognition may be linked to changes in brain connectivity
A team from Wayne State University recently published the results of a three-year study of cognitive changes in older adults who complained that their cognitive ability was worsening though clinical assessments showed no impairments. MRIs at 18-month intervals showed significant changes in functional connectivity in two areas of the brain.
Mount Sinai Researchers Discover a Novel Class of Drugs That May Help Treat a Deadly Type of Lymphoma
A new class of drugs that inhibits a “master switch” involved in the vast majority of cases of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), a fatal subtype of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, has been discovered by researchers at Mount Sinai.
Size Matters: Higher Licensed Venue Capacity Linked to Greater Risk of Alcohol-Related Violence
Disproportionately more assaults occur in higher-capacity licensed venues than in their smaller counterparts, according to an Australian study reported in Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. Licensed premises are high-risk settings for violent incidents, and a sizeable proportion of all alcohol-related violence occurs within them. Factors linked to aggressive in-venue behavior include inadequate seating, inconvenient bar access, crowded spaces, and drunkenness – which are all more likely in venues with more people (and hence in higher-capacity premises). However, although venue capacity had been proposed as a risk factor for on-premises violence, most previous research has focused on the relationship between crowding and aggression, and on the impact of longer trading hours. In the current study, therefore, researchers investigated the association between venue capacity and the number of violent incidents on-premises; the impact of longer opening hours was also assessed.
Engineering nanobodies as lifesavers when SARS-CoV-2 variants attack
Scientists are pursuing a new strategy in the protracted fight against the SARS-CoV-2 virus by engineering nanobodies that can neutralize virus variants in two different ways.
UH First in Northeast Ohio to Treat Patient with Heart Failure Using Cardiac Contractility Modulation
A University Hospitals (UH) patient is the first in Northeast Ohio to undergo a new, innovative procedure called CCM® therapy.
Solar energy from the deep repository
During the winter months, renewable energy is in short supply throughout Europe. An international project is now considering an unconventional solution: Renewable hydrogen and carbon dioxide are pumped into the ground together, where naturally occurring microorganisms convert the two substances into methane, the main component of natural gas.
The humidity of flowers acts as an invisible attractor for bumblebees
As well as bright colours and subtle scents, flowers possess many invisible ways of attracting their pollinators, and a new study shows that bumblebees may use the humidity of a flower to tell them about the presence of nectar, according to scientists at the Universities of Bristol and Exeter.
What Facebook can tell us about dietary choices
A new IIASA-led study set out to understand the full potential of behavior change and what drives such changes in people’s choices across the world using data from almost two billion Facebook profiles.
New crab species with asymmetrical reproductive units identified by NUS researchers and their Japanese collaborators
Researchers from the National University of Singapore and University of the Ryukyus have recently identified and described a new genus and species of xanthid crab found in Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Named Mabui calculus, it is the first among the 7,800 species of known crabs to have strongly asymmetrical male and female reproductive structures.
Researchers trace dust grain’s journey through newborn solar system
A research team led by the University of Arizona has reconstructed in unprecedented detail the history of a dust grain that formed during the birth of the solar system more than 4.5 billion years ago.
UCI-led study finds that cancer immunotherapy may self-limit its efficacy
Irvine, Calif., June 21, 2021 — Cancer immunotherapy involving drugs that inhibit CTLA-4 also activates an unwanted response that may self-limit its efficacy in fighting tumors, according to a new study led by Francesco Marangoni, Ph.D., assistant professor of physiology & biophysics and member of the Institute for Immunology at the University of California, Irvine.
How do developing spinal cords choose ‘heads’ or ‘tails’?
The progression from a round ball of cells to an embryo with a head and a tail is one of the most critical steps in an organism’s development.
The Science of tsunamis
The word “tsunami” brings immediately to mind the havoc that can be wrought by these uniquely powerful waves.
Study examines how breast implant surfaces affect immune response
Rice University bioengineers collaborated on a six-year study that systematically analyzed how the surface architecture of breast implants influences the development of adverse effects, including an unusual type of lymphoma.
Poaching Affects Behavior Of Endangered Capuchin Monkeys In Brazilian Biological Reserve
A study conducted in the Una Biological Reserve in the state of Bahia, Brazil, shows that in a habitat with high hunting pressure the risk of predation has such a significant impact on the behavior of the Yellow-breasted capuchin monkey Sapajus xanthosternos that it even avoids areas offering an abundant supply of plant biomass and invertebrates, its main sources of food.
Climate change is driving plant die-offs in Southern California, UCI study finds
Irvine, Calif., June 21, 2021 – A shift is happening in Southern California, and this time it has nothing to do with earthquakes. According to a new study by scientists at the University of California, Irvine, climate change is altering the number of plants populating the region’s deserts and mountains. Using data from the Landsat satellite mission and focusing on an area of nearly 5,000 square miles surrounding Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, the research team found that between 1984 and 2017, vegetation cover in desert ecosystems decreased overall by about 35 percent, with mountains seeing a 13 percent vegetation decline.
Modeling a circular economy for electronic waste
Think about how many different pieces of technology the average household has purchased in the last decade.
‘Pack Ice’ Tectonics Reveal Venus’ Geological Secrets
A new analysis of Venus’ surface shows evidence of tectonic motion in the form of crustal blocks that have jostled against each other like broken chunks of pack ice.
New method for molecular functionalization of surfaces
One vision that is currently driving material scientists is to combine organic molecules (and their diverse functionalities) with the technological possibilities offered by extremely sophisticated semiconductor electronics.
Changes in farming practices could reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 70% by 2036
Team used Argonne’s GREET model to simulate changes, predict outcomes.
New Diagnostic Method May Predict Relapse Risk for Those Recovering from Prescription Opioid Addiction
Rutgers scientists have used a diagnostic technique for the first time in the opioid addiction field that they believe has the potential to determine which opioid-addicted patients are more likely to relapse.
NAU geochemist on new study confirming cause of greatest mass extinction event
Associate professor Laura Wasylenki co-authored a new paper in Nature Communications that presents the results of nickel isotope analyses on Late Permian sedimentary rocks. The results demonstrate the power of nickel isotope analyses, which are relatively new, to solve long-standing problems in the geosciences.
Many cancer patients may need a sequential one-two punch of immunotherapies
New research led by scientists at La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI) and the University of Liverpool may explain why many cancer patients do not respond to anti-PD-1 cancer immunotherapies—also called checkpoint inhibitors. The team reports that these patients may have tumors with high numbers of T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells.
UCI-led meta-analysis identifies hypertension medications that help ward off memory loss
Irvine, Calif., June 21, 2021 — A large-scale meta-analysis led by University of California, Irvine researchers provides the strongest evidence yet of which blood pressure medications help slow memory loss in older adults: those that can travel out of blood vessels and directly into the brain. The findings, published in the American Heart Association journal Hypertension, will be of interest to the 91 million Americans whose blood pressure is high enough to warrant medication, as well as the doctors who treat them.