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UrduA new study suggests athletes with a history of concussion may show more brain injury from a later concussion, particularly in middle regions of the brain that are more susceptible to damage, when compared to athletes with no history of concussion. The research is published in the August 25, 2021, online issue of Neurology®, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology. The athletes participated in sports like football, volleyball and soccer.
Category: Research Results
Inspirada pelos percebes (espécie de crustáceo), uma cola médica interrompe o sangramento em segundos
Pesquisadores da Mayo Clinic e colegas do Instituto de Tecnologia de Massachusetts (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT) desenvolveram uma cola de selagem rápida que pode estancar o sangramento de órgãos independentemente da coagulação.
受藤壶启发研制出的新型医用胶可快速止血
妙佑医疗国际(Mayo Clinic) 的研究人员与麻省理工学院(MIT)的同事们合力研发出了一种快速密封胶，可以在不依赖凝血的情况下快速阻止器官出血。其详细介绍已发表在《自然生物医学工程》(Nature Biomedical Engineering)上。
Con inspiración en los percebes, un pegamento médico detiene el sangrado en segundos
Los investigadores de Mayo Clinic y sus colegas del Instituto Tecnológico de Massachusetts (MIT, por sus siglas en inglés) elaboraron un pegamento que sella rápido y es capaz de detener el sangrado en los órganos, independientemente de la coagulación.
Tele-psychiatry a resounding success in 5-year trial
A five-year study, published Aug. 25 in JAMA Psychiatry, found that telepsychiatry in rural, federally qualified health centers was a resounding success for patients who had screened positive for bipolar disorder and/or PTSD. The trial of 1,004 participants was the biggest yet on telehealth.
New Study Gives Insight into How Often COVID-19 Spreads through Households
A new study out in the Clinical Infectious Diseases journal demonstrates how quickly COVID-19 can spread through a household, and provides insight into how and why communities of color have suffered disproportionately from the pandemic.
Japanese far-right hate group helped popularize anti-Korean sentiment
A University of Notre Dame researcher conducted two years of ethnographic fieldwork in a historic Korean ghetto in Osaka, Japan, to shed light on the legacy of discrimination that third- and fourth-generation Korean minorities have faced.
Tulane scientist leads study on faster charging energy storage
A Tulane University researcher has led a team in discoveries that could result in significantly faster charging electric vehicles and portable devices such as cell phones and laptops.
Mechanism for Development of Rare Colorectal Cancer Subtype Identified
Researchers from Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, the state’s only National Cancer Institute-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center, recently discovered a mechanism to explain what drives the formation of mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma (MAC), a rare subtype of colorectal cancer.
COVID 19: Learning About Nurses’ Moral Distress During Crisis Care
During the pandemic, nurses continue to deliver a crisis standard of care, which requires allocating and using scarce medical resources. This care, in the context of COVID-19, an infectious and potentially fatal illness, requires nurses to balance their duty to care for patients while protecting themselves and their families. Crisis standards of care cause high moral distress for clinicians. The lack of preparedness of U.S. hospitals to initiate crisis care standards is likely amplifying such distress. Could better leadership communication mitigate this distress and consequential poorer mental health?
Researchers identify brain circuitry that motivates mating in mice
Researchers uncovered the precise hypothalamic neurons that regulate the drive to engage in mating behaviors in mice. The study sets the stage for developing a targeted therapy to offset the sexual side effects linked to antidepressants that can discourage patients from treating mental illnesses.
In a first, scientists capture a ‘quantum tug’ between neighboring water molecules
Researchers have made the first direct observation of how hydrogen atoms in water molecules tug and push neighboring water molecules when they are excited with laser light.
Breast milk of mothers who received COVID-19 vaccine contains antibodies that fight illness
The breast milk of lactating mothers vaccinated against COVID-19 contains a significant supply of antibodies that may help protect nursing infants from the illness, according to new research from the University of Florida.
Geneticists map the rhinoceros family tree
There’s been an age-old question going back to Darwin’s time about the relationships among the world’s five living rhinoceros species.
The giant jurassic dinosaur Allosaurus was a scavenger, not a predator
In a paper published August 23, authors Cameron Pahl and Luis Ruedas, of Portland State University, show that Allosaurus, a large carnivorous dinosaur from the Jurassic that has long been thought to be a top predator, could probably have acquired most of its calories by scavenging on the carcasses of enormous sauropod herbivores that lived alongside it.
COVID-19 is most transmissible 2 days before and 3 days after symptoms appear
Each wave of the pandemic has underscored just how gravely contagious COVID-19 is, but there is less clarity among experts on exactly when—and to what extent—infected individuals are most likely to spread the virus.
Bird communities threatened by urbanization
Urbanization is one of the most drastic forms of land-use change, and its negative consequences on biodiversity have been studied extensively in temperate countries such as Germany.
The Lancet: Number of people living with hypertension has doubled worldwide over past 30 years to more than 1.2 billion
Most comprehensive analysis of its kind charting hypertension prevalence, diagnosis, treatment and control in 200 countries over past 30 years reveals more than half of people with hypertension, or 720 million, worldwide were untreated in 2019.
Gum disease linked with new onset heart disease
Gum disease is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease: the more severe the periodontitis, the higher the risk.
Portable MRI provides life-saving information to doctors treating strokes
When patients exhibit stroke symptoms, doctors must quickly make a life or death determination: Are their symptoms caused by a clot that can be treated with blood thinners or by bleeding in the brain, which may require surgery?
Half of adults with ADHD have had a substance use disorder
Half of adults aged 20-39 with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have had a substance use disorder (SUD) in their lifetime according to new research published online ahead of print this month in Alcohol and Alcoholism.
Do Passengers Want Self-driving Cars to Behave More or Less Like Them?
Researchers asked participants about their personal driving behaviors such as speed, changing lanes, accelerating and decelerating and passing other vehicles. They also asked them the same questions about their expectations of a self-driving car performing these very same tasks. The objective of the study was to examine trust and distrust to see if there is a relationship between an individual’s driving behaviors and how they expect a self-driving car to behave.
Recovery From Alcohol Use Disorder: Long-term Abstinence Accompanied by Brain Changes and Emotional Improvements
from alcohol use disorder (AUD) have been clarified in a new study in Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. AUD recovery was already known to be multidimensional, with behavioral changes – ranging from stopping heavy drinking to complete abstinence – accompanied by partial reversal of alcohol-induced brain damage. While the relationship between early abstinence (the “withdrawal phase”), negative mood, and sex-specific effects of alcohol on the brain’s “reward system” have been well-established, a growing body of evidence is revealing that AUD individuals in long-term abstinence (greater than five years) report higher levels of subjective happiness and emotional well-being, as well as a significantly lower risk of relapse. Yet, the way these long-term behavioral and emotional improvements relate to underlying brain changes, and potentially differ between men and women, remains unknown. To better understand and characterize these aspects of the recovery process, the study’s res
Exposure to sunlight enhances romantic passion in humans
Researchers at Tel Aviv University have found that exposure to ultraviolet radiation from sunlight enhances romantic passion in humans.
Study shows certain efforts to recruit Black adults into cardiovascular disease clinical trials fall short
Researchers systematically reviewed federally funded cardiovascular disease trials run between 2000 and 2019 to determine whether various recruitment strategies impacted the number of Black participants enrolled.
Detecting an unprecedented range of potentially harmful airborne compounds (video)
Many products release molecules that drift through the air. Some can potentially cause health problems. Researchers now report a personal air-sampling system that can detect an unprecedented range of these compounds from a special badge or pen. They will present their results at ACS Fall 2021.
Protecting gardens and crops from insects using the ‘smell of fear’
Herbivorous insects are a threat to gardeners’ hard work, and are increasingly resistant to pesticides. Today, scientists report they have bottled the “smell of fear” from predators to repel destructive insects without the need for harsh substances. They will present their results at ACS Fall 2021.
‘Nanojars’ capture dissolved carbon dioxide, toxic ions from water
Carbon dioxide dissolves in oceans, lakes and ponds, forming bicarbonate ions that can reenter the atmosphere as carbon dioxide later. Now, researchers have developed tiny “nanojars” that split bicarbonate into carbonate and capture it. They will present their results at ACS Fall 2021.
Evolutionary ‘time travel’ reveals enzyme’s origins, possible future designs
“The distinction between the past, present and future is only a stubbornly persistent illusion,” Albert Einstein wrote. Now, researchers have used evolutionary “time travel” to study how an enzyme has evolved, with implications for future design. They will present their results at ACS Fall 2021.
Families Estimated to Lose $18,000 a Year in Wages When They Have to Cut Work Hours or Leave a Job to Care for Their Child’s Health
A study that identified over 14,000 previously employed American families of children with special healthcare needs found that families who had to reduce work hours or leave a job in order to care for their children’s health lost an estimated average of $18,000 a year in household income in 2016-2017.
Baby detector software embedded in digital camera rivals ECG
Facial recognition is now common in adults, but University of South Australia researchers have developed software that can reliably detect a premature baby’s face in an incubator and remotely monitor its heart and breathing rates, rivalling ECG machines and even outperforming them. This is the first step in using non-contact monitoring in neonatal wards, avoiding skin tearing and potential infections from adhesive pads.x
University of Washington and Microsoft researchers develop ‘nanopore-tal’ that enables cells to talk to computers
University of Washington and Microsoft researchers have introduced a new class of reporter proteins that can be directly read by a commercially available nanopore sensing device.
Researchers developing new cancer treatments with high-intensity focused ultrasound
Researchers are bringing the use of acoustic waves to target and destroy cancerous tumours closer to reality.
Two Studies Seek to Go Beyond the GIST of Intestinal Tract Cancer
UC San Diego researchers identify the mutational drivers for gastrointestinal stroma tumors in the stomach and find a potential drug to treat a subset of GIST tumors afflicting the young.
Researchers invent world’s smallest biomechanical linkage
Researchers at Princeton University have built the world’s smallest mechanically interlocked biological structure, a deceptively simple two-ring chain made from tiny strands of amino acids called peptides.
Phosphorescent material inspired by ‘glow in the dark’ wood
Scientists have harnessed the natural ability of wood to faintly glow to develop a new sustainable phosphorescent material that could potentially be used in a wide number of applications, from medical imaging and optical sensing to ‘glow in the dark’ dyes and paints.
Like Venom Coursing Through the Body: Researchers Identify Mechanism Driving COVID-19 Mortality
Researchers have identified what may be the key molecular mechanism responsible for COVID-19 mortality – an enzyme related to neurotoxins found in rattlesnake venom
Early-warning system for sepsis shown to improve survival rates and cut hospital stays, new study finds
Emergency room patients who were flagged by an artificial intelligence algorithm for possibly having sepsis received antibiotics sooner and had better outcomes, according to a peer-reviewed study conducted by physician-researchers at Case Western Reserve University and MetroHealth.
Volcanism drove rapid ocean deoxygenation during the time of the dinosaurs
Ocean deoxygenation during the Mesozoic Era was much more rapid than previous thought, with CO2 induced environmental warming creating ocean ‘dead zones’ over timescales of only tens of thousands of years.
Would we still have severe thunderstorms over North America if the Gulf of Mexico were filled in with land?
The eastern half of the U.S is one of the principal hot spots for severe thunderstorm activity, especially tornadoes, globally.
T. rex’s jaw had sensors to make it an even more fearsome predator, new digital study finds
Tyrannosaurus rex was not just a huge beast with a big bite, it had nerve sensors in the very tips of its jaw enabling it to better detect – and eat – its prey, a new study published in the peer-reviewed journal Historical Biology today finds.
Drinking sufficient water could prevent heart failure
Staying well hydrated throughout life could reduce the risk of developing heart failure, according to research presented at ESC Congress 2021.
Molecular Mechanism for COVID-19 Mortality Identified
An enzyme with an elusive role in severe inflammation may be a key mechanism driving COVID-19 severity and could provide a new therapeutic target to reduce COVID-19 mortality. This finding by a team of researchers is detailed in a study to be published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation.
Hospital-acquired COVID-19 tends to be picked up from other patients, not from healthcare workers
The majority of patients who contracted COVID-19 while in hospital did so from other patients rather than from healthcare workers, concludes a new study from researchers at the University of Cambridge and Addenbrooke’s Hospital.
Individualistic COVID-19 vaccine messages had best effect in US study
Emphasizing individual rather than community health risks from COVID-19, appeared to create more vaccine acceptance among participants in a study led by Washington State University researcher Porismita Borah.
Studying mosquito immune cells could improve understanding of disease transmission
A recent study led by an Iowa State University entomologist explores the different kinds of cells that make up mosquito immune systems. The research could shed light on how mosquitoes transmit malaria.
For cancer care, patients’ relationship with their primary care providers prove crucial
Communication between patients and their primary care providers is key to ensuring effective cancer care, both before diagnosis and after treatment, according to two recent papers led by University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center researchers.
Breathing Support Improves Lung Function in Near-term Newborns
A new pre-clinical study in rabbits finds breathing support with an end-expiratory pressure improves lung function in near-term newborns with elevated lung liquid volumes at birth. The study is published ahead of print in the Journal of Applied Physiology.
Turning Hazelnut Shells into Potential Renewable Energy Source
In Journal for Renewable and Sustainable Energy, researchers share their work on the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of wood vinegar and tar fraction in bio-oil produced from hazelnut shells pyrolysis at 400 degrees Celsius to 1,000 C. The researchers found the wood vinegar and tar left over after burning the shells contained the most phenolic substances, which laid a foundation for the subsequent research on antioxidant properties.
How Do Wind Turbines Respond to Winds, Ground Motion During Earthquakes?
Wind power has experienced fast growth within China during the past decade, but many wind farms are being built within regions of high seismic activity. In Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, researchers present their work exploring the dynamic behaviors of wind turbines subjected to combined wind-earthquake loading. The group discovered that changes in the wind increase and decrease the response amplitude of the wind turbine under weak and strong earthquakes, respectively.