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UrduA research team led by Dr. Hoon Ryu from the Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) has uncovered a new mechanism involving astrocytes for treating Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and proposed a novel therapeutic target.
Tag: Autophagy
Pretreatment can alleviate programmed cell death in mesenchymal stem cells
In this editorial, we delved into the article titled “Cellular preconditioning and mesenchymal stem cell ferroptosis.” This groundbreaking study underscores a pivotal discovery: Ferroptosis, a type of programmed cell death, drastically
Engineered Exosome-based Drug Delivery System for Synergistic Cancer Therapy
The researchers developed an exosome-based drug delivery system which employed synergistic miRNA-based autophagy inhibition and 7-coumarin-based chemotherapy for ovarian cancer therapy.
Proteomic Insights Reveal Key Strategies to Extend Broccoli’s Freshness and Shelf Life
A research team investigated proteome-level changes in harvested broccoli florets stored at room temperature and refrigerated conditions using Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) technology.
Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell exosomes alleviate necrotizing enterocolitis in neonatal mice by regulating intestinal epithelial cells autophagy
BACKGROUNDNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe gastrointestinal disease that affects premature infants. Although mounting evidence supports the therapeutic effect of exosomes on NEC, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. AIMTo i
Sinomenine increases osteogenesis in mice with ovariectomy-induced bone loss by modulating autophagy
BACKGROUNDA decreased autophagic capacity of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) has been suggested to be an important cause of decreased osteogenic differentiation. A pharmacological increase in autophagy of BMSCs is a potential
Modulation of cellular recycling by calcium ion dynamics across cellular compartments
This study discovers that upon induction of different autophagy processes, mitochondria immediately import calcium and calcium concentrations at the ER membrane start to fluctuate. The major calcium import channel in the inner mitochondrial membrane, mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), is required for mitophagy-inducer-initiated mitochondrial calcium uptake. Inhibiting MCU accelerates mitophagy. In neurons derived from a Parkinson’s patient, mitophagy-inducer-triggered mitochondrial calcium influx is faster, which may slow the ensuing mitophagy.
To Eat or Not to Eat: Targeting autophagy to enhance memory immune responses
Memory B cells depend on autophagy for their survival, but the protein Rubicon is thought to hinder this process. Researchers from Osaka University have discovered a shorter isoform of Rubicon called RUBCN100, which enhances autophagy in B cells.
Interferon-γ priming enhances the therapeutic effects of menstrual blood-derived stromal cells in a mouse liver ischemia-reperfusion model
BACKGROUNDMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used in liver transplantation and have certain effects in alleviating liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and regulating immune rejection. However, some studies have indicated that the e
Gene links exercise endurance, cold tolerance and cellular maintenance in flies
As the days get shorter and chillier in the northern hemisphere, those who choose to work out in the mornings might find it harder to get up and running. A study in PNAS identifies a protein that, when missing, makes exercising in the cold that much harder—that is, at least in fruit flies.
New Study Explores the Role of Metformin in Ameliorating HMGB1-Mediated Oxidative Stress in Periodontitis
A recent study reveals that Metformin, a common drug used to manage Type 2 Diabetes, could offer new hope for treating periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease affecting oral tissues. The study explored the effects of Metformin on HMGB1 (High Mobility Group Box 1), an inflammation mediator implicated in oxidative stress during periodontitis.
Post-injury Intestinal Regeneration Enhanced by Calorie Restriction, Requires Autophagy
Article title: Intestinal epithelial autophagy is required for the regenerative benefit of calorie restriction Authors: Patrick A. Williams, Kaitlyn E. Naughton, Lauren A. Simon, Gloria E. Soto, Louis R. Parham, Xianghui Ma, Charles H. Danan, Weiming Hu, Elliot S. Friedman,…
Traumatic Brain Injury Interferes with Immune System Cells’ Recycling Process in Brain Cells
In a new study published in the January issue of Autophagy, they found that after traumatic brain injury, the brain’s immune system cells’ internal recycling function slowed dramatically, allowing waste products to build up and interfere with recovery from injury.
Detoxing body of 2 fat by-products could extend lifespan, UVA researchers discover
University of Virginia scientists have identified a promising approach to delay aging by detoxifying the body of glycerol and glyceraldehyde, harmful by-products of fat that naturally accumulate over time.
Proteins That Bind Together and Promote Autophagy May Underlie Alzheimer’s Disease Progression
Article title: C-terminal fragment of APP interacts with p62, forms an aggregate, and induces autophagic degradation in Alzheimer’s cell model Authors: Keigo Tanaka, Kohei Kuramoto, Tadashi Nakagawa, Yasuyuki Nomura, Koichiro Ozawa, Toru Hosoi From the authors: “Overall, our results suggest…
Do women age differently from men?
The life expectancy of women is significantly higher than that of men.
Cellular housekeeping process implicated in fatal neurological disorder
A new study from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis indicates that as patients age, Huntington’s disease gradually impairs autophagy, which eliminates waste from cells. This housekeeping is significant because a buildup of waste in a specific kind of neuron leads to such cells’ untimely deaths. The researchers also showed that enhancing the autophagy pathway in such neurons that were created from skin cells of Huntington’s patients protects those cells from dying.
Selective Autophagy Process Protects Heart Muscle Cells from Death
Article title: Chaperone-mediated autophagy protects cardiomyocytes against hypoxic cell death Authors: Rajeshwary Ghosh, Jennifer Jason Gillaspie, Kenneth S. Campbell, J. David Symons, Sihem Boudina, James Scott Pattison From the authors: “In summary, the present study demonstrated the importance of [chaperone-mediated…
Evidence Mounts for Alternate Origins of Alzheimer’s Disease Plaques
A breakdown in how brain cells rid themselves of waste precedes the buildup of debris-filled plaques known to occur in Alzheimer’s disease, a new study in mice shows.
Prilenia announces publication of data elucidating a mechanism for neuroprotective potential of pridopidine
Prilenia Therapeutics B.V., a clinical stage biotechnology company focused on the urgent mission to develop novel therapeutics to slow the progression of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders, today announced publication of its research in the peer-reviewed journal Autophagy which support pridopidine’s potential neuroprotective properties by enhancing autophagy in an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) model.
McMaster scientists pinpoint key trigger of Crohn’s disease
Researchers gleaned their results by analyzing blood and biopsy samples from two groups totalling 18 people with Crohn’s disease, comparing them to a matching number of people from two healthy control groups. A mouse model of IBD was also used. Khan said his study was the first demonstration of the interaction between serotonin, autophagy and gut microbiota in intestinal inflammation. The paper was published by Science Advances today. Sabah Haq, a PhD student who works with Khan, is first author.
E-cigarette Exposure during Pregnancy Changes Autophagy Signaling, Leads to Brain Defects in Rats
Article title: Fetal e-cigarette exposure programs a neonatal brain hypoxic-ischemic sensitive phenotype via altering DNA methylation patterns and autophagy signaling pathway Authors: Andrew Walayat, Yong Li, Yanyan Zhang, Yingjie Fu, Bailin Liu, Xuesi M. Shao, Lubo Zhang, Daliao Xiao From…
Researchers uncover a way to harness the power of immunotherapy for advanced prostate cancer
Researchers led by the University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center identified an inhibitor that showed promise against metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer cells.
Researchers dig deeper into how cells transport their waste for recycling
Scientists at Sanford Burnham Prebys have gained a deeper insight into the intricacies of autophagy, the process in which cells degrade and recycle cellular components.
Removal of AKAP11 Protein by Autophagy as a Key to Fuel Mitochondrial Metabolism and Tumor Cell Growth Through Activating Protein Kinase A (PKA)
MEDIA ADVISORY FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States (PNAS) Published Online on March 30, 2021 Mount Sinai Researchers Find “Removal of AKAP11 protein by autophagy as a key to fuel mitochondrial metabolism and…
Cancer cells hibernate like bears to evade harsh chemotherapy
Princess Margaret Scientist Dr. Catherine O’Brien and team discovered that cancer cells hijack an evolutionary conserved program to survive chemotherapy. Furthermore, the researchers show that novel therapeutic strategies aimed at specifically targeting cancer cells in this slow-dividing state can prevent cancer regrowth.
Giving Cells an Appetite For Viruses
DALLAS – Dec. 16, 2020 – A team led by UT Southwestern researchers has identified a key gene necessary for cells to consume and destroy viruses. The findings, reported online today in Nature, could lead to ways to manipulate this process to improve the immune system’s ability to combat viral infections, such as those fueling the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
Study suggests sugary diet endangers waste-eating protein crucial to cellular repair
A high-sugar diet creates a ‘double jeopardy’ impact for a protein crucial to cellular housekeeping, a new study suggests. The protein offsets cell damage from sugar, but too much sugar renders it ineffective. The results may offer insight for reducing age-related degenerative disease.
Plants without cellular recycling systems get creative in the dark
Deprived of sunlight, plants are unable to transform carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into sugars. They are essentially starved of one of their most important building blocks. New research with maize shows that plants that lack the core components for autophagy have to get creative about recycling nutrients like carbon when they’re left in the dark.
Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey Research Shows Autophagy Impacts Stress Response Pathways Promoting Survival in Laboratory Models
Research from investigators at Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey shows that a cellular process known as autophagy promotes survival in mouse models by suppressing oxidative stress and a tumor suppressor known as p53.
Study Reveals New Way to Treat Stroke Using an Already FDA-Approved Drug
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) is currently used to treat neutropenia due to chemotherapy and has been successfully used for patients who require bone marrow transplants. The study is the first to report on the neuroprotective effect of GCSF in vivo and showed that it improved neurological deficits that occur in the first few days following cerebral ischemia. GCSF improved long-term behavioral outcomes while also stimulating a neural progenitor recovery response in a mouse model.
Low-protein Diet in Pregnancy May Lead to Mom’s Liver Damage
A study in rats examines a pathway through which protein deficiency during pregnancy leads to fat accumulation in the liver and increased risk of liver damage. The first-of-its-kind study is published ahead of print in the American Journal of Physiology—Endocrinology and Metabolism.