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Urdu(Vienna, 15 October 2020) Poverty is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity. Globally, one out of every 10 people lives in extreme poverty, defined by the World Bank as living on less than $1.90 per day. Many of them…
Tag: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
AJTMH tip sheet for October 2020
Your advance look at two new studies publishing online on Oct. 15, 2020 in The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Examining e-cigarette use among current, former smokers
What The Study Did: National survey data were used to look at how common electronic cigarette use is among U.S. adults, if they were current or former smokers and used e-cigarettes to help quit smoking. Authors: Margaret Mayer, Ph.D., M.P.H.,…
First report on the impact of European incubators and accelerators
Webinar October 20th, 5 p.m. (CEST) In France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK there are a total of more than 1200 business incubators/accelerators, with an estimated number of 7165 employees. The most diffused services offered by these organizations are…
COVID-19, excess all-cause mortality in US, 18 comparison countries
What The Study Did: COVID-19 deaths and excess all-cause mortality in the U.S. are compared with 18 countries with diverse COVID-19 responses in this study. Authors: Ezekiel J. Emanuel, M.D., Ph.D., of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, is the…
COVID-19 pandemic and $16 trillion virus
What The Article Says: This Viewpoint aggregates mortality, morbidity, mental health conditions, and direct economic losses to estimate the total cost of the pandemic in the U.S. on the optimistic assumption that it will be substantially contained by the fall…
Update on excess deaths from COVID-19, other causes
What The Study Did: This study updates a previous report of the estimated number of excess deaths in the U.S. during the COVID-19 pandemic through August 1 and describes causes of those deaths and relationships with lifting of coronavirus restrictions.…
A circular economy could save the world’s economy post-COVID-19
The Covid-19 pandemic has challenged all facets of human endeavours, and seven months later the economic effects are particularly being felt How the world can leverage the positive and negative effects of COVID-19 to build a new, more resilient and…
Study shows how climate impacts food webs, poses socioeconomic threat in Eastern Africa
Climate impacts on Lake Tanganyika are a bellwether for global change worldwide, team says
World’s largest experiment shows shack fires move with devastating speed
Twenty shacks destroyed in five minutes
Association between chain restaurant advertising, obesity in adults
What The Study Did: Researchers examined whether changes in chain restaurant advertising spending were associated with weight changes among adults across 370 counties in the United States. Authors: Sara N. Bleich, Ph.D., of the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public…
Health care-associated infections among critically ill children
What The Study Did: This observational study looked at changes from 2013 to 2018 in the rates of catheter-associated bloodstream and urinary tract infections among critically ill infants and children the United States. Authors: Heather E. Hsu, M.D., M.P.H., of…
Solving global challenges using insect research
To achieve food security, to promote peace, to ensure access to quality education and clean water and sanitation, to improve health, to take action to combat climate change, to restore ecosystems and to reduce inequalities: these are some of the…
800 million children still exposed to lead
UNICEF study documents a persistent, dangerous problem
Variation among states in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
What The Study Did: Researchers examined variation among states in how common high blood pressure disorders of pregnancy (including pregnancy-induced hypertension or pre-eclampsia) and eclampsia were among 3.6 million women who had a live birth in 2017. Authors: Alexander J.…
New research sheds light on the reluctance of farmers to adopt new technologies
Research from the University of Kent’s School of Economics sheds new light on a long-standing obstacle to improving agricultural productivity in developing countries: the reluctance of small-scale farmers to adopt modern technologies because of the risks associated with them. The…
Large contact tracing study in Science finds children as active transmitters of COVID-19
Researchers also find that superspreading is common; 70% of COVID-19 infected patients do not infect any of their contacts. COVID-19 mortality is higher in the 40-69 year age group in India than in other countries
Genetic gains for better grains
An African millet crop could be improved for growth in the dry, arid lands of Saudi Arabia by using information about its genome. Fonio is already well-adapted to this environment but has not had as much domestication as the major…
Changes in adult alcohol use, consequences during COVID-19 pandemic
What The Study Did: Individual-level changes in alcohol use and the consequences associated with alcohol use by U.S. adults from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic are examined in this study. Authors: Michael S. Pollard, Ph.D., of the RAND Corporation…
Copycat plant booster improves on nature
A molecule that can mimic the function of zaxinone, a natural growth-promoting plant metabolite, has been designed and fabricated by an international team led by KAUST and the University of Tokyo. Their successful mimic may have wide-reaching applications in plant…
Changes by income level in cardiovascular disease in US
What The Study Did: Researchers examined changes in how common cardiovascular disease was in the highest-income earners compared with the rest of the population in the United States between 1999 and 2016. Authors: Salma M. Abdalla, M.B.B.S., M.P.H., of the…
Trends in treatment, survival among women with advanced ovarian cancer
What The Study Did: This observational study examined survival rates and the use of chemotherapy before surgery among women with advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer in the United States from 2004 to 2016. Authors: Alexander Melamed, M.D., M.P.H., of the NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia…
Something old, something new combine for effective vaccine against parasitic skin disease
Scientists use CRISPR to edit structural gene in organism that causes leishmaniasis
Advancing the accurate tracking of energy poverty
A novel measurement framework that better aligns with the services people lack rather than capturing the mere absence of physical connections to a source of electricity can help track energy poverty.
New research highlights impact of COVID-19 on food security in Kenya and Uganda
CABI scientists have conducted new research highlighting the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on food security in Kenya and Uganda with more than two-thirds of those surveyed having experienced economic hardship due to the pandemic.
Farmer knowledge is key to finding more resilient crops in climate crisis
A warming climate threatens crop diversity; the ‘Seeds for Needs’ approach combines farmers’ knowledge of resilient crops with ‘elite’ varieties identified by scientists
How we age
Anthropologists compare a composite measure of physiological dysregulation among humans and other primates
Typhoid: Study confirms Vi-DT conjugate vaccine is safe and immunogenic in children 6-23 months
September 17, 2020 – SEOUL, South Korea – A new study conducted by IVI in collaboration with SK bioscience shows that single-dose and two-dose regimens of Vi-DT typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) are safe and immunogenic in children 6-23 months of…
Shift in West African wildmeat trade suggests erosion of cultural taboos
New research by the University of Kent’s Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE) has demonstrated a clear fluctuation in the trade of wildmeat in and around the High Niger National Park in Guinea, West Africa
Curbing land clearing for food production is vital to reverse biodiversity declines
Land-use change to feed people is the leading driver of biodiversity loss; new research shows that changing this relationship is necessary (and possible) if we are to reverse trends on biodiversity loss by 2050
India 2020: the state of (in)security
Webinar with Dr. Purnima Menon is a senior research fellow at the International Food Policy Research Institute
Frequency of children vs adults carrying SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatically
What The Study Did: This case-control study compares the rates of test results indicating SARS-CoV-2 infection among children and adults admitted to a single hospital in Milan, Italy, for noninfectious reasons and without COVID-19 symptoms. Authors: Carlo Agostoni, M.D., of…
Climate change triggers migration – particularly in middle-income countries
Environmental hazards affect populations worldwide and can drive migration under specific conditions. Changes in temperature levels, increased rainfall variability, and rapid-onset disasters, such as tropical storms, are important factors as shown by a new study led by the Potsdam Institute…
Peruvian Amazonian shaman rose to power in early 20th century
Book by Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute anthropologist describes life of shaman, tasorentsi
Study examines how civil wars affect wildlife populations
A new study comprehensively reveals how civil wars impact wildlife in countries affected by conflict. Researchers at the University of East Anglia (UEA), in the UK, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Brazil, and University of Agostinho Neto (UAN), Angola, found…
Study highlights ‘systematic opposition’ to regulation in tackling NCDs from food industry
A new study out this week during the Global Week for Action on non-communicable diseases (NCDs) highlights that global public health regulation intended to tackle unhealthy diets, a key risk factor for NCDs, is being consistently opposed by the food…
Male circumcision campaigns in Africa to fight HIV are a form of cultural imperialism
Male circumcision campaigns in Africa to fight HIV ‘neocolonialist’ and not based on robust science
IVI to ready clinical trial sites for COVID-19 vaccine efficacy trials in 4 countries
September 9, 2020 – SEOUL, South Korea – The International Vaccine Institute (IVI) announced today that the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation awarded close to 1.5 million USD to IVI to support clinical trial site preparedness in four African and…
Association of mobile phone location data indications of travel, stay-at-home mandates with COVID-19 infection rates in US
What The Study Did: Anonymous mobile phone location data were used to examine travel and home dwelling time patterns before and after enactment of stay-at-home orders in U.S. states to examine associations between changes in mobility and the COVID-19 curve.…
How birth control, girls’ education can slow population growth
Widespread use of contraceptives and, to a lesser extent, girls’ education through at least age 14 have the greatest impact in bringing down a country’s fertility rate. Education and family planning have long been tied to lower fertility trends .…
Factors that raise the risk of mortality among children with several acute malnutrition
Key Points An estimated 15.7% of children hospitalized for severe acute malnutrition die before they are discharged. Presence of HIV infection, diarrhea, pneumonia, shock, lack of appetite and low weight-to-height ratio raises the risk of mortality among these children, with…
Who should get the COVID-19 vaccine first?
Penn-led team of global experts offer a model that would prioritize reducing premature deaths
Effect of dexamethasone on days alive, ventilator-free in patients with COVID-19, acute respiratory distress syndrome
What The Study Did: This randomized clinical trial in Brazil of 299 patients with COVID-19 and moderate or severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) examined if intravenous dexamethasone plus standard care compared with standard care alone would increase the number of…
Effect of hydrocortisone on death, respiratory support among critically ill COVID-19 patients
What The Study Did: The purpose of this randomized clinical trial in France was to evaluate the effect of low-dose hydrocortisone for the treatment of ICU patients with COVID-19-related acute respiratory failure but the trial was stopped early. Authors: Pierre-François Dequin,…
Examining how common depression symptoms are in adults before, during COVID-19 pandemic
What The Study Did: This is a survey study that examines how common depression symptoms are among U.S. adults during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with before the pandemic. Authors: Sandro Galea, M.D., Dr.P.H., of the Boston University School of Public Health in…
Community outbreak investigation of SARS-CoV-2 transmission among bus riders in Eastern China
What The Study Did: This observational study examined the potential for airborne spread of COVID-19 through investigation of an outbreak among bus riders in Eastern China. Authors: Feng Ling, M.D., of the Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention…
Eating your vegetables is easier said than done
“Food systems have the potential to nurture human health and support environmental sustainability; however, they are currently threatening both.”
Eating your vegetables is easier said than done
The landmark EAT-Lancet report on food in the Anthropocene sets ambitious targets; putting it into action, however, will require policymakers to make sustainable food systems a top-level priority; a new article charts a path forward
Growing demand for zero-deforestation cacao might not help Colombian forests
When Brazil refused soy grown on deforested land in the Amazon, the movement spread worldwide. Brazil’s Soy Moratorium in 2006 became the first zero-deforestation agreement.
Godwin receives funding for performance project exploring human migration
Adrienne Bryant Godwin, Director of Programming, received $9,000 from the National Endowment for the Humanities for: “Cartography – Great Performances at Mason 2020-2021 season.” “CARTOGRAPHY” is a work that explores the global issue of migration through the eyes of four…