In contrast, very few studies have examined the relationship of muscular strength, generally improved with activities like weightlifting, and arterial stiffness after taking into consideration cardiorespiratory fitness. In this study, investigators found that objectively measured cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength were independently associated with lower arterial stiffness among 405 older adults; however, the lowest prevalence of arterial stiffness was found among those who had high levels of both cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength, suggesting an additive benefit of being both fit and strong.
While causation cannot be determined from this cross-sectional study, these results support the current U.S. Physical Activity Guidelines recommendations that older adults participate in both aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength and to promote good cardiovascular health.