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Women undergoing breast cancer surgery are vulnerable to financial stress due to the expensive and extended duration of treatment. High out-of-pocket costs can take a major toll on a patient’s health, leading to financial toxicity (the harm or stress a person experiences due to the unaffordability of his or her medical care).
“Breast cancer therapy is highly sensitive to patient preferences, so right from the start patients are expected to make a lot of decisions and each one has trade-offs,” said lead study author Christopher J. Coroneos, MD, MSc, an assistant professor of plastic surgery at McMaster University in Ontario, Canada. “There is a unique set of decisions that a patient has to make—undergoing a lumpectomy versus mastectomy, undergoing chemotherapy, adjuvant therapy and radiation, and then breast reconstruction—that is why breast cancer is different from other cancers.”
Even so, timely and in-depth discussions between providers and patients about the cost of cancer care are uncommon. This is the first study to examine the connection between financial distress and quality-of-life outcomes (overall and condition specific) in women who undergo surgery for breast cancer, according to the authors.
Researchers analyzed the results of three self-reported surveys and medical record data for 532 women who underwent lumpectomy or mastectomy at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston. Patients were aged 18 years and older and had completed the surveys within 18 months of their breast cancer operation. Most of the patients (64 percent) underwent breast reconstruction. The median annual household income was reported between $80,000 and $120,000, well above the national average.
Using the COST (COmprehensive Score for financial Toxicity) questionnaire, researchers identified patients in financial distress. In addition, participants responded to questions from the BREAST-Q and SF-12 surveys, designed to assess quality of life, mental well-being, and physical satisfaction after undergoing breast reconstruction; a lower score represents a worse outcome.
After adjusting for multiple confounding factors, the analysis showed that financial toxicity, as reflected in a lower COST score, was strongly associated with lower BREAST-Q and SF-12 scores, indicating worse outcomes. Further, COST had the largest impact on one particular outcome, psychological well-being, with a one unit increase in COST correlated with a 0.89 unit increase in the psychological well-being score.
“Even a small change in financial toxicity translates to an important change in psychosocial well-being,” Dr. Coroneos said. The data also showed a positive relationship between patients’ psychological well-being and their own perceived satisfaction with the outcome of their breast reconstruction.
The study builds on previous findings examining the link between financial toxicity and quality of life. However, this study is important because it uses validated patient reported outcome measures for the analysis.
“In this world of patient-centered outcomes and value-based care, there are two takeaway points from our study. First, for populations at high risk for financial toxicity, deliberations around treatment costs are incredibly important. Second, early intervention in instances of self-reported financial toxicity will be a key element of maximizing patient-reported outcomes in breast cancer surgery. This is because financial toxicity really does dampen the high-quality, patient-centered outcomes we are capable of delivering,” said study senior author Anaeze C. Offodile II, MD, MPH, an assistant professor of plastic surgery at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.
Currently, the authors are conducting a prospective multi-center trial, reproducing this work in a variety of settings. They hope to get a more in-depth understanding of how economic well-being impacts quality of life outcomes in breast cancer surgery (timing, triggers and duration), and ultimately, how interventions that improve the economic well-being of cancer patients could lead to improvements in care.
“What clinicians have to do with these study results is to consider the financial reserve patients have when discussing breast cancer management.” Dr. Coroneos said. “From a research perspective, integrating the financial risk and patient reported outcomes can inform decision-making models, and is especially important in vulnerable populations.”
Study coauthors are Brian Chin, MD, MSc, from McMaster University, Ontario, Canada; Yu-Li Lin, MS, Chris Sidley-Gibbons, PhD, Malke Asaad, MD, Stefanos Boukovalas, MD, Margaret S. Roubaud, MD, FACS, Makesha Miggins, MD, FACS, and Donald P. Baumann, MD, FACS, all from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.
“FACS” designates that a surgeon is a Fellow of the American College of Surgeons.
This study was supported by the University Cancer Foundation via the Sister Institution Network Fund (SINF) at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.
Citation: Correlation between Financial Toxicity, Quality-of-Life and Patient Satisfaction in an Insured Population of Breast Cancer Surgical Patients: A Single Institution Retrospective Study. Journal of the American College of Surgeons.
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About the American College of Surgeons The American College of Surgeons is a scientific and educational organization of surgeons that was founded in 1913 to raise the standards of surgical practice and improve the quality of care for all surgical patients. The College is dedicated to the ethical and competent practice of surgery. Its achievements have significantly influenced the course of scientific surgery in America and have established it as an important advocate for all surgical patients. The College has more than 82,000 members and is the largest organization of surgeons in the world. For more information, visit www.facs.org (.)
