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“Genomic ctDNA or liquid biopsy tests hold great potential to improve patient outcomes although, as with any emerging test, it can be challenging to develop the most appropriate coverage policies,” explained lead researcher Michael P. Douglas, MS, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, UCSF Center for Translational and Policy Research on Personalized Medicine (TRANSPERS). “These tests can be used to guide initial therapy, identify relevant clinical trials, and help us understand and tailor therapy based on mechanisms of resistance. However, the emerging use of liquid biopsy tests for cancer screening and early detection—in addition to selecting targeted treatment and monitoring response —will require new assessments to develop appropriate coverage policies.”
While the authors found increasing coverage for ctDNA panel testing, the policies were written with carefully-defined and limited clinical scenarios such as EGFR gene analysis or specific brand name tests.
“The NCCN Guidelines for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer currently state that ctDNA testing can be considered for monitoring purposes when a patient with a confirmed lung cancer diagnosis is medically unfit for invasive tissue sampling,” commented David S. Ettinger, MD, of The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, who chairs NCCN’s Guideline Panel for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer but was not involved with this study. “While coverage is expanding, it still takes too long to adapt policies which often vary from state to state. We recommend specific testing be conducted as part of a broad molecular profiling, at least for advanced or metastatic disease. It can be faster to get a liquid biopsy than to get a patient scheduled for a tissue diagnosis. In patients with confirmed lung cancer, if the ctDNA analysis yields actionable mutations, the results are unambiguous and useful for clinical care and decision making. However, if the ctDNA results are negative, there remains an approximate 30% chance that the ctDNA analysis is inaccurate, and consideration should be given to tissue-based analysis to further determine if actionable mutations are present. I agree with the authors’ conclusions that payers and policymakers need to approve policies that keep up with the advances made in molecular profiling and clinical care in order to improve care for people with cancer.”
The researchers used the Canary Insights Database to analyze private, commercially available payer coverage policies, Medicare National Coverage Determinations (NCD) and Medicare Administrative Contractor Local Coverage Determinations (LCD) from 2015 through July 1, 2019. The database is a public library of more than 40,000 medical policies from commercial and public payers. None provided coverage for liquid biopsies at the start of 2016, but as of mid-2019 the coverage rate had risen to 38%. The policies also increased in scope from 2017-2019, going from one cancer type to 12, and going from a single gene to 73 genes. They also found 45 payers with specific policies against coverage. Medicare coverage policies were found to be evolving toward use across all cancer types, signifying a major shift.
“We think that the increased coverage, especially Medicare coverage of pan-cancer use, will expand the use of liquid biopsy in clinical practice in the future,” said Douglas. “The hope is that results in more targeted care with better treatment and diagnostic options, leading to long term benefits.”
Advances in technology will also need to be evaluated in the context of cost-benefit analysis and appropriate patient selection, in order to optimize the use of ctDNA testing.
To read the entire study, visit JNCCN.org. Complimentary access to “Private Payer and Medicare Coverage AQ2 for Circulating Tumor DNA Testing: A Historical Analysis of Coverage Policies From 2015 to 2019” is available until October 10, 2020.
This issue of JNCCN also includes a summary article describing a recent NCCN Policy Summit: Defining, Measuring, and Applying Quality in an Evolving Health Policy Landscape and the Implications for Cancer Care. Physicians, payers, policymakers, patient advocates, and technology partners reviewed current quality measurement programs, including the Oncology Care Model, in order to identify gaps and provide insights and suggestions for advancing quality measurement in oncology. Visit NCCN.org/policy to learn more about the policy program and join the conversation online with the hashtag #NCCNPolicy.
About JNCCN—Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network More than 25,000 oncologists and other cancer care professionals across the United States read JNCCN—Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network. This peer-reviewed, indexed medical journal provides the latest information about innovation in translational medicine, and scientific studies related to oncology health services research, including quality care and value, bioethics, comparative and cost effectiveness, public policy, and interventional research on supportive care and survivorship. JNCCN features updates on the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines®), review articles elaborating on guidelines recommendations, health services research, and case reports highlighting molecular insights in patient care. JNCCN is published by Harborside. Visit JNCCN.org. To inquire if you are eligible for a FREE subscription to JNCCN, visit http://www.nccn.org/jnccn/subscribe.aspx. Follow JNCCN on Twitter @JNCCN.
About the National Comprehensive Cancer Network
The National Comprehensive Cancer Network® (NCCN®) is a not-for-profit alliance of leading cancer centers devoted to patient care, research, and education. NCCN is dedicated to improving and facilitating quality, effective, efficient, and accessible cancer care so patients can live better lives. The NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines®) provide transparent, evidence-based, expert consensus recommendations for cancer treatment, prevention, and supportive services; they are the recognized standard for clinical direction and policy in cancer management and the most thorough and frequently-updated clinical practice guidelines available in any area of medicine. The NCCN Guidelines for Patients® provide expert cancer treatment information to inform and empower patients and caregivers, through support from the NCCN Foundation®. NCCN also advances continuing education, global initiatives, policy, and research collaboration and publication in oncology. Visit NCCN.org for more information and follow NCCN on Facebook @NCCNorg, Instagram @NCCNorg, and Twitter @NCCN.
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