Infants’ microbiomes shaped by physical contact with caregivers

FINDINGS: A new study led by researchers at UCLA Health found that early life caregiving experiences including skin-to-skin contact at birth, number of individuals in physical contact with the infant at birth, and the amount of time infants were in physical contact with caregivers were significantly associated with the composition of the infant gut microbiome up to six months of age. These factors explained up to 11% of variation in the microbiome among infants and were associated with altered abundance of important early life gut bacteria such as Bifidobacterium.

BACKGROUND: Previous research has shown that having multiple caregivers beyond biological parents benefits infants’ health, but the underlying biological mechanism remains unknown. The researchers investigated whether an infant’s contact with a caregiver influenced the composition of their microbiome. 

While other research has focused on how the mode of birth delivery impacts the microbiome, this is believed to be the first study to observe how a caregiver’s role within the first couple of weeks affects infants’ health.

METHODS: The researchers surveyed the early life caregiving environment two weeks after birth. They then collected and sequenced stool samples at two weeks, and two, six, and 12 months of age.

IMPACT: Given these findings, the researchers hope to further explore the social transmission of microbes.