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UrduA long-term study has shown a common bone density scan can also show calcified plaque build-up in the abdominal aorta – revealing if someone is at increased risk of developing dementia
Tag: Brain
New imaging technique to find out what happens in the brains of cats and dogs
A brain imaging device based on quantum optical sensors could also be used to study the brains of human babies
Women’s Brain Project and Altoida Announce Results Highlighting Sex-Based Differences Using Predictive Digital Biomarker in Alzheimer’s Disease
The Women’s Brain Project, an international non-profit organization studying gender and sex determinants to brain and mental health and Altoida, a precision neurology company pioneering non-invasive brain health diagnostics using AI and augmented reality (AR), today announced results from a study showing sex-based differences using digital biomarker data collected from Altoida’s digital cognitive assessment platform.
Collapsing a Leading Theory for the Quantum Origin of Consciousness
The origin of consciousness is one of the greatest mysteries of science. One proposed solution, first suggested by Nobel Laureate and Oxford mathematician Roger Penrose and anaesthesiologist Stuart Hammeroff, at Arizona State University, in Tucson, attributes consciousness to quantum computations in the brain.
Healthy Human Brains Are Hotter Than Previously Thought, Exceeding 40 Degrees
New research has shown that normal human brain temperature varies much more than we thought, and this could be a sign of healthy brain function.
Molecular ‘Connector’ Helps Cocaine Latch on to Brain Cells, Even When Drug Is in Low Doses
Scientists have long known that cocaine works by latching on to molecular connectors on the surface of brain cells, allowing dopamine, a chemical that promotes feelings of pleasure and reward, to accumulate in the space between brain cells. Now, Johns Hopkins Medicine scientists say they have found a molecular connector, known as the BASP1 receptor, that binds cocaine, even when the drug is present in very low doses.
Newly Discovered Brain Cell Sheds Light on the Formation of Memories
Researchers have long known that memory is represented by changes in the part of the brain called the hippocampus.
Type 2 diabetes accelerates brain aging and cognitive decline
Scientists have demonstrated that normal brain aging is accelerated by approximately 26% in people with progressive type 2 diabetes compared with individuals without the disease, reports a study published today in eLife.
Mount Sinai Launches Neural Epigenomics Research Center
The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai has launched a new research center devoted to understanding how epigenomics influences the nervous system under both healthy and disease conditions. The Center for Neural Epigenome Engineering aims to dramatically expand Mount Sinai’s ability to conduct research in this field, facilitating new discoveries and the development of long-sought treatments for a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Areas of expansion include chromatin biochemistry, chemical biology, protein engineering, and single-cell “omics.”
Uncovering new details of the brain’s first line of defense
Thanks to over a century of modern neuroscience, we have made significant strides in our understanding of the brain.
New guideline refines care for brain bleeds: Compression socks, some meds not effective
Some treatments or preventive therapies used to manage intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH), or a bleeding stroke, are not as effective as previously believed, according to the new American Heart Association/American Stroke Association guideline for caring for people with spontaneous ICH, published today in the Association’s Stroke journal. Guidelines detail the latest, evidence-based treatment recommendations and are the Association’s official clinical practice recommendations.
Some Shunts Used After Epilepsy Surgery May Risk Chronic Headaches
First-of-its-kind study by Rutgers associates some types of shunts used after epilepsy surgery with brains shifting toward the side of the skull.
Brain Size Determined The Chances of Survival Among Large Animals
Researchers at Tel Aviv University, and the University of Naples, have examined the mass extinction of large animals over the past tens of thousands of years and found that extinct species had, on average, much smaller brains than species that survived.
New study reveals the effect of extended space flight on astronauts’ brains
Long-duration space flight alters fluid-filled spaces along veins and arteries in the brain, according to new research from Oregon Health & Science University and scientists across the country.
The role of the cerebellum in absence seizures
Stimulation of certain cerebellar areas could help combat absence seizures.
Henry Ford Stroke Centers Earn Advanced Stroke Certifications from The Joint Commission
Henry Ford Medical Center – Brownstown has earned an Acute Stroke Ready Hospital advanced stroke certification from The Joint Commission, making it the first freestanding Emergency Room in the State of Michigan to do so, and Henry Ford Macomb Hospital has earned recertification as a Primary Stroke Center.
Brain Networks Can Play Role in Weight-loss Success
When it comes to weight loss, the old adage it’s all in your head may be true.
Scientists at Wake Forest University School of Medicine have shown that two specific networks in the brain can strongly influence how successful a person will be when trying to lose weight.
Tufts University Researchers Discover New Function Performed by Nearly Half of Brain Cells
Researchers at Tufts University School of Medicine have discovered a previously unknown function performed by a type of cell that comprises nearly half of all cells in the brain.
The scientists say this discovery in mice of a new function by cells known as astrocytes opens a whole new direction for neuroscience research that might one day lead to treatments for many disorders ranging from epilepsy to Alzheimer’s to traumatic brain injury.
New brain learning mechanism calls for revision of long-held neuroscience hypothesis
In an article published today in Scientific Reports (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-10466-8), researchers from Bar-Ilan University in Israel reveal that the brain learns completely differently than has been assumed since the 20th century. The new experimental observations suggest that learning is mainly performed in neuronal dendritic trees, where the trunk and branches of the tree modify their strength, as opposed to modifying solely the strength of the synapses (dendritic leaves), as was previously thought. These observations also indicate that the neuron is actually a much more complex, dynamic and computational element than a binary element that can fire or not. Just one single neuron can realize deep learning algorithms, which previously required an artificial complex network consisting of thousands of connected neurons and synapses. The new demonstration of efficient learning on dendritic trees calls for new approaches in brain research, as well as for the generation
For Neurons, Where They Begin Isn’t Necessarily Where They End
Scientists at UC San Diego School of Medicine and Rady Children’s Institute of Genomic Medicine describe novel methods for inferring the movement of human brain cells during fetal development by studying healthy adult individuals who have recently passed away from natural causes.
Fetal exposure to drugs may affect infants’ brain development
New study demonstrates that in utero exposure to mother’s antiepileptic or antidepressant medication may affect development of the newborn brain networks.
When the Brain Sees a Familiar Face
Researchers have uncovered new information about how the area of the brain responsible for memory is triggered when the eyes come to rest on a face versus another object or image.
How does cannabis use affect brain health? Caution advised, more research needed
Despite the perception that marijuana is harmless, there is some scientific evidence challenging that belief, and there are many unanswered questions about its impact on brain health, according to a new American Heart Association scientific statement published today in the Association’s journal Stroke.
Neurobiologists Reveal How Value Decisions are Coded into Our Brains
A new study is showing how value choices are recorded in our brains. Researchers found that persistency allows value signals to be most effectively represented, or “coded,” across different areas of the brain, especially in a critical area within the cerebrum known as the retrosplenial cortex.
UTSW-led research identifies new imaging biomarkers that predict antidepressant response
The outcome predictive models were developed in part using data from a large multi-center National Institute of Mental Health-funded study and published in the journal Biological Psychiatry. The findings provide strong evidence that the current trial-and-error approach used in clinical practice for the selection of the right antidepressant can be replaced with this new precision medicine approach.
An Inflammation to Remember
A new discovery of a physiological mechanism of psychosomatic illnesses could open a new therapeutic avenue for treating chronic inflammatory conditions such as Crohn’s disease, psoriasis, and other autoimmune conditions, by attenuating their memory trace in the brain.
Scientists Study Changes in Kids’ Brains after Epilepsy Surgery
Article title: Spectral changes following resective epilepsy surgery and neurocognitive function in children with epilepsy Authors: Olivia N. Arski, Simeon Wong, Nebras M. Warsi, Daniel J. Martire, Ayako Ochi, Hiroshi Otsubo, Elizabeth Donner, Puneet Jain, Elizabeth N. Kerr, Mary Lou…
Our Brains May Think Two Steps Ahead When Trying to Sway Others
Humans are able to think a few steps ahead in non-social situations, such as navigating a new hiking trail or planning a vacation. A Mount Sinai study now shows that we may also do this when interacting with other people.
Mechanisms of addiction: Psychology professor receives NIH grant for brain research
A five-year, $2.59 million grant from the National Institutes of Health will allow a psychology professor at Binghamton University, State University of New York to study the mechanisms of addiction.
Gut-Brain Connection Research Gets Boost of $8.9 Million
Johns Hopkins Medicine is one of three research institutions with scientists awarded $8.9 million to study the growing body of evidence that Parkinson’s disease originates among cells in the gut and travels up the body’s neurons to the brain. The research aims to develop treatments to prevent or halt progression of the disease.
Scientists uncover a gene involved in sexual conflict in fruit flies
Sexual conflict in fruit flies is governed by specifically wired neurons in the brain which have been pinpointed by scientists at the University of Birmingham, UK.
Scientists find vital link to identify people at risk of aneurysms
A new study has measured for the first time a link between variations in size of the brain’s arteries and the likelihood of a cerebral aneurysm, providing scientists with a new screening tool to monitor people at risk.
Which Types of Brain Activity Support Conscious Experiences?
Our subjective experience appears to us in a continuous stream of integrated information, and in Chaos, researchers explore the question: Which characteristics should brain activity have to support this type of conscious experiences?
Mayo, Google Research develop new AI algorithm to improve brain stimulation devices to treat disease
For millions of people with epilepsy and movement disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, electrical stimulation of the brain already is widening treatment possibilities. In the future, electrical stimulation may help people with psychiatric illness and direct brain injuries, such as stroke.
University of Kentucky Study: Healthy Dietary Intake Associated With Lower Brain Iron, Better Cognition in Older Adults
Research conducted at the University of Kentucky College of Medicine suggests that higher intake of specific nutrients is associated with lower brain iron concentration and better cognitive performance in older adults.
Old Habit-Controlling Neurons May Also Help the Brain Learn New Tricks
In a study of rodents, scientists at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai discovered that a part of the brain traditionally thought to control typing the old habits may also play a critical role in learning the new actions. The results, published on August 25th in Nature Communications, suggest that this process involves a delicate balance in the activity of two neighboring neural circuits: one dedicated to new actions and the other to old habits
How do brains form? New research studies folding, growth in fetuses
Binghamton University faculty will lead a $587,853 National Science Foundation project examining how brain folds form.
Study identifies possible antidote for club drug GHB overdose
Diclofenac and other NSAIDs may limit the passage of narcolepsy medication and illicit party drug GHB to the brain, decreasing the potential for fatal overdose, University at Buffalo researchers find.
8 weeks of meditation studies can make your brain quicker
Just eight weeks of meditation studies can make your brain quicker, according to new research from Binghamton University, State University of New York.
Understanding Alzheimer’s Progression with Improvements to Imaging, Image Processing, Machine Learning
Because there is no ethical way to extract brain tissue from patients to look for clues about how amyloid plaques and protein aggregates proliferate, supplementary techniques are needed to better understand the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. During ACA’s 71st annual meeting, Abdullah Al Bashit, from Northeastern University, will discuss using computational techniques to help address these challenges. His work demonstrates how using small and wide-angle scattering along with state-of-the-art detection techniques will help probe the molecular structure and proliferation.
The Music of Silence: Imagining a Song Triggers Similar Brain Activity to Moments of Mid-Music Silence
Imagining a song triggers similar brain activity as moments of silence in music, according to a pair of just-published studies in the Journal of Neuroscience.
‘Feel Good’ Brain Messenger Can Be Willfully Controlled, New Study Reveals
UC San Diego researchers and their colleagues have discovered that spontaneous impulses of dopamine, the neurological messenger known as the brain’s “feel good” chemical, occur in the brain of mice. The study found that mice can willfully manipulate these random dopamine pulses for reward.
Johns Hopkins APL, Amazon Partner to Accelerate Access to High-Res Brain Mapping Data
An expanded collaboration between APL and the Amazon Web Services’ Open Data Sponsorship Program will further enable the storage and accessibility of ever-expanding neuroimaging datasets generated by the neuroscience research community.
Excess coffee: a bitter brew for brain health
It’s a favourite first-order for the day, but while a quick coffee may perk us up, new research from the University of South Australia shows that too much could be dragging us down, especially when it comes to brain health.
How Calcium Precisely Directs Blood Flow in the Brain
University of Maryland School of Medicine and University of Vermont researchers have shown how the brain communicates to blood vessels when in need of energy, and how these blood vessels respond by relaxing or constricting to direct blood flow to specific brain regions.
Brain Cancer: Hunting What’s Left
Like a mystery detective, Sara G.M. Piccirillo, PhD, is hunting deadly bad actors by studying the crime scene and questioning bystanders one by one. But these bad actors are cells in the brain. She is using two grants to study tumor cells and cells in the surrounding area, one by one.
The Brain’s Wiring Technicians
Research in mice reveals how a subset of highly specialized immune cells modulate brain wiring by precision-targeting inhibitory synapses.
The work deepens understanding of the versatile repertoire of microglia, the brain’s immune cells and resident garbage collectors.
The results set the stage for the development of therapies for neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions marked by defects in synaptic function.
Mouse brain imaged from the microscopic to the macroscopic level
Researchers at the University of Chicago and the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory have leveraged existing advanced X-ray microscopy techniques to bridge the gap between MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) and electron microscopy imaging, providing a viable pipeline for multiscale whole brain imaging within the same brain
Nurturing an early interest in neuroscience
Last year’s lockdowns confined most people to their homes. For teenagers on summer break, a season usually dedicated to recreation and outdoor exploration, this meant long days of boredom. But for Nikhita Kaushik, who just finished her sophomore year at Irvine’s Arnold O. Beckman High School, the free time was a blessing. It enabled her to dive into her passion for neuroscience and establish the Southern California Youth Neuroscience Association.
UCI-led meta-analysis identifies hypertension medications that help ward off memory loss
Irvine, Calif., June 21, 2021 — A large-scale meta-analysis led by University of California, Irvine researchers provides the strongest evidence yet of which blood pressure medications help slow memory loss in older adults: those that can travel out of blood vessels and directly into the brain. The findings, published in the American Heart Association journal Hypertension, will be of interest to the 91 million Americans whose blood pressure is high enough to warrant medication, as well as the doctors who treat them.