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UrduThe zebrafish brain, though simpler than its human counterpart, is a complex network of neurons that engage in a ceaseless dance of electrical activity. What if this neural ballet could reveal the secrets of how brains, including our own, control movement?
Tag: Brain
Study tracks Texas youths being treated for depression
Nearly half of Texas youths being treated for depression or suicidal thoughts reported at least one suicide attempt, and 90% had experienced suicidal ideation, according to a study led by UT Southwestern Medical Center researchers.
Better paths yield better AI
Like climbing a mountain via the shortest possible path, improving classification tasks can be achieved by choosing the most influential path to the output, and not just by learning with deeper networks.
The Signs of Dementia and What Can Be Done to Stave It Off
Brent Forester, the Dr. Frances S. Arkin Chair of Psychiatry at Tufts University School of Medicine and psychiatrist-in-chief and chair of the Department of Psychiatry at Tufts Medical Center, focuses his research on geriatric psychiatry and neurocognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias, late-life depression, and older adult bipolar disorder.
Cause of ‘brain freeze’ a bit of a mystery, but not to worry
You’re eating or drinking something frozen, like a snow cone, ice cream, or ice pops – probably a bit too eagerly – and you get one of those sudden-onset, painful headaches known as “brain freeze.” Man, does it hurt, but usually not for long, and it’s not harmful, according to an expert at UT Southwestern Medical Center.
UTSW Q&A: Experts talk about opioid abuse, risks, treatment
Overdose deaths from opioids, including prescription painkillers and synthetics like fentanyl, continue to rise.
UCI researchers find attention is required for a popular brain signature of prediction error
New research shows that popular brain signatures of prediction error are only generated in the presence of attention to the visual stimuli, despite early brain encoding of those stimuli.
Study identifies characteristics specific to human brains
Researchers led by a team at UT Southwestern Medical Center have identified cellular and molecular features of the brain that set modern humans apart from their closest primate relatives and ancient human ancestors. The findings, published in Nature, offer new insights into human brain evolution.
A gutsy move – new study challenges conventional wisdom about nerve cell origins of “the second brain”
Researchers present a completely new paradigm describing a developmental pathway by which the enteric nervous system development continues after birth.
Good smells, bad smells: It’s all in the insect brain
Everyone has scents that naturally appeal to them, such as vanilla or coffee, and scents that don’t appeal. What makes some smells appealing and others not? Researchers studied the behavior of the locusts and how the neurons in their brains responded to appealing and unappealing odors to learn more about how the brain encodes for preferences and how it learns.
Enhanced light sensitivity may contribute to Alzheimer’s ‘sundowning,’ disease progression
New Alzheimer’s research from UVA Health suggests that enhanced light sensitivity may contribute to “sundowning” – the worsening of symptoms late in the day – and spur sleep disruptions thought to contribute to the disease’s progression.
NIH funds study of ultrasound with genetics to treat brain disorders
Researchers have developed methods to study and manipulate areas of the brain, though many of those methods are restricted by the limited depth that light can reach within the brain. A multidisciplinary team at Washington University in St. Louis plans to overcome that limitation by integrating ultrasound with genetics to precisely modify neurons in the brain.
Opting for Olive Oil Could Boost Brain Health
A new study suggests that incorporating olive oil into your diet could help reduce the risk of dying from dementia.
MIND Diet Linked with Better Focus in School-Aged Children
A diet originally designed to help ward off cognitive decline in adults might also help improve attention in pre-adolescents, according to a new study.
Some people’s brain function still affected by Long COVID years after infection
UK researchers have found that people with longer-term COVID-19 symptoms including brain fog showed reduced performance in tasks testing different mental processes up to two years after infection with the virus.
Future AI algorithms have potential to learn like humans, say researchers
Memories can be as tricky to hold onto for machines as they can be for humans.
Boosting certain brain cells diminished hypersensitivity in Fragile X mice
Study suggests modulating the activity of certain neurons could be an effective approach to restoring circuit function.
FAU Receives $11.5 Million Gift to Combat Life-threating Illness, Amyloidosis
Because amyloidosis doesn’t affect a specific organ and can be present throughout the body including the heart, kidneys, liver and brain, unraveling the underlying cause of amyloid fibril creation – a hallmark of this disease – is complex and challenging. A monumental $11.5 million gift from philanthropists Ann and John Wood will enable FAU’s Schmidt College of Medicine to create a game-changing infrastructure using a whole-body approach and multi-disciplinary team.
Among Professional Fighters, New Criteria Can Identify Who May Develop CTE
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a degenerative brain disease linked to repeated head impacts that athletes get from contact sports. However, the definitive diagnosis of the disease can be made only after death through an autopsy.
Public-private consortium will fund three gene therapy clinical trials at UT Southwestern and Children’s Health
A consortium of government, industry, and nonprofit partners will fund gene therapy clinical trials for three different rare diseases at UT Southwestern Medical Center and Children’s Health, where scientists are working on gene therapies to treat neurodevelopmental disorders in children.
Warfarin use should not disqualify stroke patients from lifesaving clot-removing surgery
Most stroke patients taking the anticoagulant warfarin were no more likely than those not on the medication to experience a brain bleed when undergoing a procedure to remove a blood clot, UT Southwestern Medical Center researchers report in a new study. The findings, published in JAMA, could help doctors better gauge the risk of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT), potentially expanding the pool of eligible patients for this mainstay stroke treatment.
Public-private consortium will fund three gene therapy clinical trials at UT Southwestern
A consortium of government, industry, and nonprofit partners will fund gene therapy clinical trials for three rare diseases at UT Southwestern Medical Center, where scientists are working on gene therapies to treat neurodevelopmental disorders in children.
Brain receptor patterns separate sensory and cognitive networks, new study finds
Receptor patterns define key organisational principles in the brain, scientists have discovered.
Air Quality from Wildfires Also Bad for the Brain, Expert Says
“Air pollution is a major public health issue that has been related to a variety of ailments such as asthma, lung cancer, heart disease, and stroke,” says Domenico Praticò, M.D., Professor and Director of the Alzheimer’s Center at Temple. “We…
National Sports Brain Bank launches with pledges of brain donations from Hall of Famer Bettis, more
Pitt unveils National Sports Brain Bank to track patients with contact-sports backgrounds; Steelers legends Jerome Bettis, Merril Hoge pledge brains and participation in innovative program.
Heart Attacks Associated with Faster Cognitive Decline Over Years
In a recent study, a Johns Hopkins Medicine researcher and collaborators analyzed data on adults to determine if there is a link between having a heart attack and cognitive decline.
Danish experiment reveals: You can satisfy your appetite just by looking at pictures of food on your phone
Many of the food images are uploaded to sell specific foods. The idea is that the images on Facebook or Instagram will make us yearn for a McDonalds burger, for example. In other words, the image awakens our hunger. New research from Aarhus University now shows that the images can actually have the opposite effect. At least if we see pictures of the same product repeatedly.
New study sheds light on complex genetics of autism in East African families
UT Southwestern Medical Center researchers have identified hundreds of genomic variants associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in East African families who have a markedly higher prevalence of the neurodevelopmental condition than other populations worldwide. The study, published in Cell Genomics, is the first to investigate the genetics of ASD in an African population, an important step toward decreasing racial and ethnic health disparities for this condition, the authors said.
Does exercise affect how our brains respond to food cues?
A single bout of exercise increased reactivity to food cues in parts of the brain associated with attention, anticipation of reward and episodic memory, according to research published in Human Brain Mapping.
UC Irvine study shows traffic-related air pollution in Irvine weakens brain function
Researchers from the University of California, Irvine have found that exposure to traffic-related air pollution in Irvine led to memory loss and cognitive decline and triggered neurological pathways associated with the onset of Alzheimer’s disease.
Physical activity crucial for poststroke recovery
After a stroke, physical activity can be pivotal to successful recovery. People who spend four hours a week exercising after their stroke achieve better functional recovery within six months than those who do not, a University of Gothenburg study shows.
Researchers at Aalto develop a new technology to let immobilized patients control devices with their brain
A new project at Aalto University is developing techniques that will enable immobilized patients to control devices using their brain activity. The project builds on the multi-locus transcranial magnetic stimulation (mTMS) technology developed at Aalto, adapting it into a brain–computer interface (BCI) that can help patients with neurological conditions.
FAU and Insightec Partner to Use Focused Ultrasound to Treat Neurological Disorders
This agreement will enable FAU and Insightec to collaborate to advance scientific knowledge about the use of focused ultrasound to treat brain diseases, including Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. By harnessing acoustic energy, Insightec’s innovative technology uses focused ultrasound to treat diseases in different ways.
Researchers discover how some brain cells transfer material to neurons in mice
A UC Davis study is the first to report on a material transfer mechanism from cells, known as oligodendrocytes, to neurons in the brain of a mouse model. This discovery opens new possibilities for understanding brain maturation and finding treatments for many neurological conditions.
EMBARGOED: Two brain networks are activated while reading, study finds
When a person reads a sentence, two distinct networks in the brain are activated, working together to integrate the meanings of the individual words to obtain more complex, higher-order meaning, according to a study at UTHealth Houston.
AI can spot early signs of Alzheimer’s in speech patterns, study shows
New technologies that can capture subtle changes in a patient’s voice may help physicians diagnose cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease before symptoms begin to show, according to a UT Southwestern Medical Center researcher who led a study published in the Alzheimer’s Association publication Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring.
An embarrassment of riches
Among Indigenous, rural non-industrial populations inhabiting the tropical forests of lowland Bolivia, researchers report, there appears to be an optimal balance between levels of food consumption and exercise that maximizes healthy brain aging and reduces the risk of disease.
Untangling the Mystery of Sleep
Sleep is one of the most essential human activities — so essential, in fact, that if we don’t get enough sleep for even one night, we may struggle to think, react, and otherwise make it through the day. Yet, despite its importance for function and survival, scientists still don’t fully understand how sleep works.
Penn Medicine Study Reveals New Insights on Brain Development Sequence Through Adolescence
Brain development follows a newly identified, non-uniform developmental sequence rendering youth to environmental impacts through adolescence.
Four different autism subtypes identified in brain study
People with autism spectrum disorder can be classified into four distinct subtypes based on their brain activity and behavior, according to a study from Weill Cornell Medicine investigators.
Awareness vital to improving Parkinson’s patients’ quality of life, UTSW neurologist says
About 1 million people in the United States have Parkinson’s disease, a progressive neurological disorder that ranks second to Alzheimer’s among the most common neurodegenerative diseases. While many tend to associate Parkinson’s with hand tremors, it can cause a broad range of symptoms, affecting both motor and nonmotor functions.
A vicious cycle: How alcohol’s impact on the brain makes us more likely to drink
Heavy alcohol use creates a vicious cycle: It changes signaling pathways in the brain, which in turn affects cognitive functions like decision-making and impulse control — and makes the individual more likely to drink. The mechanism behind this may involve the brain’s immune system, according to new research from Binghamton University, State University of New York.
Phthalate alternative may harm brain development and health
Growing concerns over the potential health effects of exposure to phthalates have led to a search for safer alternatives. Researchers found that the chemical acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) might not be the best replacement.
A readily available dietary supplement may reverse organ damage caused by HIV and antiretroviral therapy
MitoQ, a mitochondrial antioxidant that is available to the public as a diet supplement, was found in a mouse study to reverse the detrimental effects that HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART) have on mitochondria in the brain, heart, aorta, lungs, kidney and liver.
Neurosurgeon, Vanessa C. Milano, M.D. and Neurologist Tasneem Peeraully, M.D. Join Hackensack Meridian JFK University Medical Center Neuroscience Institute
“JFK University Medical Center is proud to add renowned neurosurgeon, Dr. Milano and neurologist, Dr. Peeraully to our Neuroscience Institute,” said Amie Thornton, president, chief hospital executive.
Potential Treatment Target for Drug-Resistant Epilepsy Identified
A new study by Tufts University researchers found a molecule that could be a target for treatment in patients who have become resistant to traditional anti-seizure drugs
Fresh understanding of ageing in the brain offers hope for treating neurological diseases
Scientists from the Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI) have shed new light on ageing processes in the brain. By linking the increased presence of specialised immune cells to conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease and traumatic brain injury for the first time, they have unearthed a possible new target for therapies aimed at treating age-related neurological diseases.
UT Southwestern scientists discover agent that reverses effects of intoxication
A shot of a liver-produced hormone called FGF21 sobered up mice that had passed out from alcohol, allowing them to regain consciousness and coordination much faster than those that didn’t receive this treatment, UT Southwestern researchers report in a new study. The findings, published in Cell Metabolism, could lead to effective treatments for acute alcohol intoxication, which is responsible for about 1 million emergency room visits in the U.S. each year.
Identifying the inflammatory cells behind chemo brain
Immune cells that keep the brain free of debris but also contribute to inflammation are the likely culprits behind the concentration and memory problems that sometimes follow one type of chemotherapy, a new study in mice suggests.
Calming the destructive cells of ALS by two independent approaches
Northwestern Medicine scientists have discovered two ways to preserve diseased upper motor neurons that would normally be destroyed in ALS, based on a study in mice. Upper motor neurons initiate movement, and they degenerate in ALS.