The Science
Quantum computers have been improving rapidly over the past several years, but they still exhibit error rates far higher than conventional computers. This limits their usefulness. To move quantum computing forward, researchers must develop methods to mitigate errors. The better the error mitigation, the more operations can be performed on quantum computers. This will allow researchers to run calculations on a quantum computer that they can’t do without error mitigation. Researchers have now developed a novel error mitigation approach – called noise estimation circuits – that moves forward on achieving this goal. When combined with three other error mitigation techniques, noise elimination circuits obtained reliable results for dynamic simulations of materials.
The Impact
Advances in quantum computing could lead to breakthroughs in a huge range of areas. These could include clean energy production, cleaner industrial processes, drug development, and artificial intelligence. However, quantum computers are noisy. In quantum computers, noise means interference from magnetic fields, changes in temperature, and other sources. This noise leads to the accumulation of errors in complex quantum simulations that require many operations. The novel error mitigation approach will allow researchers to run longer, more realistic simulations and still obtain reliable results. This will broaden the potential impact of upcoming quantum computers on scientific discovery.
Summary
Quantum computers have the potential to solve complex problems much faster than classical computers, but currently they are too error-prone to be consistently useful. While error correction would be the ideal solution, it is not yet feasible on current quantum computers due to the number of qubits needed. The next best thing is error mitigation – methods and software to minimize errors in the science outcomes of quantum simulations.
Researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory developed a new approach to quantum error mitigation that could help make quantum computing’s theoretical potential a reality: noise estimation circuits. A circuit is a series of operations or a program executed on a quantum computer to calculate the answer of a scientific problem. The team used a modified version of the circuit to estimate errors and correct the output measured for the real scientific simulation circuit they wanted to run. While the noise estimation circuit approach corrects some errors, it does not correct them all. By combining the new approach with three other error mitigation techniques, the researchers were able to obtain reliable results on an IBM Q quantum system.
Funding
The study was supported by the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science through the Advanced Scientific Computing Research program’s Quantum Algorithms Team and Accelerated Research for Quantum Computing Programs, and by the DOE Office of Science High Energy Physics program through the Quantum Information Science Enabled Discovery program. The Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility provided the researchers with access to the IBM computer used for this study.
