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- Researchers have identified several metabolites in the blood whose levels are altered by coffee consumption.
- Levels of 3 of these coffee-related metabolites were significantly associated with individuals’ risk of developing chronic kidney disease.
When Casey M. Rebholz, PhD, MS, MNSP, MPH (Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health) and her colleagues examined 372 blood metabolites in 3,811 participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study, a prospective community-based cohort, they found that 41 metabolites were associated with coffee consumption. When the team analyzed these metabolites in an additional 1,043 adults in the Bogalusa Heart Study, a community-based long-term epidemiological study, 20 of the 41 metabolites were also associated with coffee consumption in this group.
Higher levels of 3 of these coffee-related metabolites were significantly associated with higher risks of developing CKD: glycochenodeoxycholate, O-methylcatechol sulfate, and 3-methyl catechol sulfate.
Glycochenodeoxycholate, a lipid involved in primary bile acid metabolism, may contribute to potentially beneficial effects of coffee consumption on kidney health. O-methylcatechol sulfate and 3-methyl catechol sulfate, which are involved in metabolism of the preservative benzoate, may represent harmful aspects of coffee on the kidneys.
“A large body of scientific evidence has suggested that consuming a moderate amount of coffee is consistent with a healthy diet. We were able to identify one metabolite that supports this theory,” said Dr. Rebholz. “There were 2 other metabolites associated with coffee that surprisingly were associated with a higher risk of incident chronic kidney disease. These compounds were also associated with cigarette smoking, which may in part explain why these compounds were associated with higher risk of kidney disease.”
With more research on the metabolic underpinnings of the coffee-kidney relationship, these metabolites may point to processes that are relevant for preventing kidney disease through dietary modifications.
An accompanying editorial notes that it would have been interesting to see how the study’s results on metabolites associated with kidney disease after accounting for participants’ self-reported consumption of coffee. “Integrating these data types should provide a better understanding of the role coffee and other diet factors play in the development of CKD or other diseases,” the authors wrote.
Study authors include William J. He, MHS, Jingsha Chen, MS, Alexander C. Razavi, MPH, Emily A. Hu, PhD, MHS, Morgan E. Grams, MD, PhD, Bing Yu, PhD, MS, Chirag R. Parikh, MBBS, PhD, Eric Boerwinkle, PhD, Lydia Bazzano, MD, PhD, Lu Qi, MD, PhD, Tanika N. Kelly, MPH, PhD, and Josef Coresh, MD, PhD.
Disclosures:
Boerwinkle reports ownership interest in Codified Genomics.
Coresh reports consultancy agreements with Healthy.io, Kaleido, and Ultragenyx; ownership interest in Healthy.io; receiving research funding from the National Institutes of Health and the National Kidney Foundation (NKF; which receives industry support); and serving as a scientific advisor or member of Healthy.io and NKF.
M.E. Grams reports receiving honoraria from academic institutions for giving grand rounds and American Diabetes Association for reviewing abstracts; serving as a scientific advisor or member of American Journal of Kidney Diseases, CJASN, the JASN Editorial Fellowship Committee, the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes Executive Committee, the NKF Scientific Advisory Board, and the United States Renal Data System
Scientific Advisory Board; and other interests/relationships with NKF, which receives funding from Abbvie, Relypsa, and Thrasos.
E.A. Hu reports employment with and ownership interest in Foodsmart.
C.R. Parikh reports consultancy agreements with Genfit Biopharmaceutical Company and Novartis; is a member of the advisory board of and owns equity in RenalytixAI; reports receiving research funding from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; and reports serving as a scientific advisor or member of Genfit Biopharmaceutical Company and Renalytix. C.M. Rebholz reports serving as an editorial board member for Diabetes Care.
The article, titled “Metabolites Associated with Coffee Consumption and Incident Chronic Kidney Disease,” will appear online at http://cjasn.asnjournals.org/ on November 4, 2021, doi: 10.2215/CJN.05520421.
The editorial, titled “Coffee Metabolites and Kidney Disease Answers or More Questions?” will appear online at http://cjasn.asnjournals.org/ on November 4, 2021, doi: 10.2215/CJN.12420921.
The content of this article does not reflect the views or opinions of The American Society of Nephrology (ASN). Responsibility for the information and views expressed therein lies entirely with the author(s). ASN does not offer medical advice. All content in ASN publications is for informational purposes only, and is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, drug interactions, or adverse effects. This content should not be used during a medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. Please consult your doctor or other qualified health care provider if you have any questions about a medical condition, or before taking any drug, changing your diet or commencing or discontinuing any course of treatment. Do not ignore or delay obtaining professional medical advice because of information accessed through ASN. Call 911 or your doctor for all medical emergencies.
Since 1966, ASN has been leading the fight to prevent, treat, and cure kidney diseases throughout the world by educating health professionals and scientists, advancing research and innovation, communicating new knowledge, and advocating for the highest quality care for patients. ASN has more than 21,000 members representing 131 countries. For more information, visit www.asn-online.org.
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